Prior to the 1979 Iranian Revolution, when American military bases were hosted by the Shah, there was a separate tier of justice, like the difference between Sharia and Rum courts, to which American military criminal justice cases were referred. [The "Rum" (Orthodox Christians) under eastern Muslim governments, were generally governed by their own religious laws in civil matters. They were considered a minority protected under the millet-like system that allowed communal, self-governing ecclesiastical courts, particularly in religious, matrimonial, and inheritance cases, rather than strict Islamic Sharia. A similar system under British occupation was the Irish "Breton Law" courts in which,...