In 2019, The Economist examined China’s potential to become a scientific superpower. Today, it is clear that China has achieved this status. Chinese scientists have gained prominence in high-quality science measures, surpassing both the United States and the European Union in producing high-impact papers,,. China leads the world in physical sciences, chemistry, and Earth and environmental sciences. It dominates publications on advanced technologies such as perovskite solar panels and hydrogen extraction from seawater. China also excels in quantum computing, with research teams achieving significant breakthroughs, such as setting a record for the number of entangled quantum bits... China’s patent production...