TURNBERRY, Scotland — In the United States, Donald Trump is known as a tycoon, as an outspoken television personality and, now, as a presidential candidate. In Scotland, however, Trump is renowned primarily for his impact on the country’s golf scene — although here, too, he is a figure of contention. Trump’s interest in the sport’s homeland will fall under scrutiny this week as the Women’s British Open is held at his most recent purchase, Royal Turnberry — or Trump Turnberry as it is now labeled on every resort courtesy car, uniform lapel, item of merchandise and flat surface. The event...