Rationing health spending by denying repeat open-heart surgery to smokers who refuse to quit would be fairer than picking on women in their forties having IVF, an expert says. Michael Chapman, chairman of the IVF Directors' Group, was commenting on research which showed that producing a child through in vitro fertilisation cost around three times more, on average, for women aged 40 or older than for IVF patients as a whole. An article published on-line in the Medical Journal of Australia (MJA) found the average cost of a live birth through non-donor assisted reproduction was $32,903 compared with $97,884 for...