New research shows just three weeks of sprints can reduce fatigue onset by changing mitochondria behavior
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Medical Xpress / University of Abertay Dundee / European Journal of Applied Physiology ^
| Oct. 4, 2024 | Andrew Usher et al
Sports scientists have found that just three weeks of high intensity sprint training can have a significant impact on elite athlete endurance. The
team worked with nine professional boxers over six weeks to assess how cycle-based sprint training can improve resistance to fatigue and change how mitochondria (the batteries of the body) behave to enhance endurance performance. Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitors in the University's Human Performance Lab, researchers measured oxygen consumption in athletes' muscles. They found that the training improved mitochondria activity by an average of 160% at the point of fatigue, which resulted in the elite athletes being...
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Leprosy drug may be effective in Huntington's disease, study suggests (Orphan drug clofazimine appears to help mitochondria)
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Medical Xpress / Karolinska Institutet / eBioMedicine ^
| May 3, 2024 | Xuexin Li et al
A preclinical study from Karolinska Institutet offers hope for treating severe neurodegenerative diseases with an existing drug. The
study suggests that the leprosy drug clofazimine may be effective in the treatment of Huntington's disease. The research group examined whether existing drugs could reduce the toxicity of so-called polyQ proteins. These proteins are found in patients with certain hereditary neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease, for which there is no cure. Screening hundreds of drugs, they found that the leprosy drug clofazimine reduces the toxicity of polyQ proteins and restores mitochondrial function in zebrafish and worms. The finding supports the previous hypothesis...
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Multiple sclerosis: Ultrastructural changes in brain tissue promote inflammatory processes (Mitochondria need help against free radicals)
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Medical Xpress / Max Planck Society / Annals of Neurology ^
| May 25, 2023 | Carmen Rotte / Aletta M. R. van den Bosch et al
Nerve cells that make up the gray matter in our brain allow us to perform different tasks. They
are interconnected millions of times by nerve fibers running deeper in the brain, called axons. Many of these axons are wrapped by a cellular "insulating tape." The insulating cover is made of myelin, a lipid-rich substance that coats axons in up to 150 layers. Together, axons and myelin form what is known as white matter. When a signal is transmitted from one cell to the other by means of an electrical nerve impulse, it literally jumps from one node to the next....
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Vitamin B3 nicotinamide riboside improves muscle mitochondria and gut microbiota composition
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Medical Xpress / University of Helsinki / Science Advances ^
| Feb. 9, 2023 | Helena A. K. Lapatto et al
The newest vitamin B3 family member, nicotinamide riboside (NR) has been found to have beneficial effects on mitochondria in the human muscle. Currently,
mitochondrial dysfunction cannot be treated. Recent findings encourage further investigation of whether this vitamin B3 form could serve as a potential therapeutic option for mitochondrial dysfunction. In a recent twin study, it was found that nicotinamide riboside (NR) increased the number of mitochondria in the muscle after long-term administration. In addition, NR improved the gut bacterial composition and increased the blood NAD+ concentrations. "Our study demonstrated the beneficial effects of long-term supplementation of NR on NAD+ metabolism,...
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Malfunctioning mitochondria at the heart of many cardiovascular diseases
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Medical Xpress / Sbarro Health Research Organization (SHRO) / Intl Journal of Molecular Sciences ^
| Jan. 24, 2023 | Giovanni Ciccarelli et al
Many cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, or "hardening of the arteries," correlate to mitochondrial dysfunction and endothelial impairment in the tissues of the heart and blood vessels. Despite
a significant improvement in therapies to treat cardiovascular disease, there is an unmet need to investigate mitochondria as a therapeutic target. A review published recently in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences explores the existing literature on relevant studies and makes recommendations for further study. The authors of the paper propose a closer examination of this relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction, endothelial impairment, and atherosclerosis is necessary in order to identify new precision...
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Stressed mitochondria help cells survive respiratory infections (Very low dose doxycycline causes “good” stress)
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Medical Xpress / Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne / Journal of Clinical Investigation ^
| August 31, 2022
Many respiratory infections add significant stress to cells and organs, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which can cause death. "Novel
therapeutic strategies to address ARDS, instead of fighting the infectious agent, could elicit the tolerance of the host organism towards the inflammatory challenge by boosting its natural adaptive stress responses," says Professor Johan Auwerx. Adrienne Mottis and her colleagues have shown that one such strategy can exploit a biological phenomenon known as "mitohormesis". Mitohormesis describes the fact that a mild stress to a cell's mitochondria can induce a series of responses that actually increase the cell's...
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Brain support cells transfer their mitochondria to fight free radicals
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Medical Xpress / Society for Neuroscience / The Journal of Neuroscience ^
| August 15, 2022 | Ryosuke Tashiro et al
After a brain hemorrhage, neural support cells called astrocytes enhance healing by transferring their mitochondria to damaged neurons. The
healthy mitochondria stimulate the production of a free radical-fighting enzyme, according to new research published in The Journal of Neuroscience. An artery in the brain bursts. Blood rushes into the tissue, inducing free radicals that cause even more damage. The hemorrhage damages mitochondria, the site of energy production in cells. Astrocytes transfer their mitochondria to damaged neurons after a hemorrhage. These healthy mitochondria contain a "healing" peptide called humanin and an enzyme called manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) that help neutralize free...
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RNA modifications in mitochondria promote invasive spread of cancer (Doxycycline reduces metastasis)
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Medical Xpress / German Cancer Research Center / Nature ^
| June 29, 2022 | Michaela Frye et al
Mitochondria are the power plants of cells, and they contain their own genetic material and RNA molecules. Scientists
have now discovered that certain modifications in mitochondrial RNA boost the invasive spread of cancer cells by supporting protein synthesis in mitochondria. They have established that a specific gene expression signature correlating with high levels of mitochondrial RNA modifications is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer. When the researchers blocked the responsible RNA modifying enzyme in cancer cells, the number of metastases was reduced. Certain antibiotics that suppress protein synthesis in mitochondria were also able...
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Supplement appears to boost muscle, mitochondria health (Urolithin A)
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Medical Xpress / JAMA Network Open / University of Washington School of Medicine ^
| Jan. 20, 2022 | David Marcinek et al
An oral supplement intended to stimulate a natural body process appears to promote muscle endurance and mitochondrial health in humans. New
research suggests that the supplement, urolithin A, may help improve or prolong muscle activity in people who are aging or who have diseases that make exercise difficult. Urolithin A is a byproduct of a person's gut bacteria and a diet comprising polyphenols found in pomegranates, berries and nuts. The compound also is produced and sold by dietary supplement companies. Supplemental urolithin A has been shown in animal tests and molecular studies of humans to stimulate mitophagy, a process that...
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A breakdown in communication: Mitochondria of diabetic patients can't keep time (Timing of medicine and exercise affect sleep)
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Medical XPress / University of Copenhagen / Science Advances ^
| Oct. 20, 2021 | Brendan M. Gabriel et al
Almost all cells regulate their biological processes over a 24-hour period, otherwise called a cell's circadian rhythm. To
do so, cells use a biological clock that cycles different genes on and off throughout the day and night. Scientists already know that our metabolic health can suffer when our biological clock breaks down, due to shift work or sleep disorders, for example. However, it's unclear how exactly the biological clock of people with type 2 diabetes differs. Now a team of scientists has shown that the skeletal muscle in people with type 2 diabetes has a different circadian rhythm. They argue...
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Biotin, mitochondria, and dementia: Research reveals a connection (Biotin reverses aspects of Alzheimer’s/dementia)
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ^
| January 7, 2021 | John Hewitt / Kelly M. Lohr, Bess Frost, Clemens Scherzer, and Mel B.
Biotin is also known as vitamin H, named for the German words "Haar" and "Haut," which mean hair and skin. This
was due to the fact that even slight deficiencies cause hair thinning, skin rash or brittle fingernails. New research, just published in PNAS, now shows that some forms of severe neurodegeneration, like the frontotemporal dementia seen in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, can directly result from lack of sufficient biotin. The authors discovered this by looking at fruit flies with dementia. Now, before anyone chuckles, fruit flies actually make a nice model of Alzheimer's or other diseases when they are given...
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Scientists develop high-throughput mitochondria transfer device
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phys.org ^
| 12/30/2020 | University of California, Los Angeles
Scientists from the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center have developed a simple, high-throughput method for transferring isolated mitochondria and their associated mitochondrial DNA into mammalian cells. This
approach enables researchers to tailor a key genetic component of cells, to study and potentially treat debilitating diseases such as cancer, diabetes and metabolic disorders. ... Mitochondria, often known as the 'powerplant' of a cell, are inherited from a person's mother. They rely on the integrity of the mitochondrial DNA to perform their essential functions. Inherited or acquired mutations of the mitochondrial DNA can significantly impair energy production and may result in debilitating...
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Zebrafish teach researchers more about atrial fibrillation (mitochondria issues)
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University of Copenhagen/Science Daily ^
| January 21, 2020 | Michelle M. Collins, Gustav Ahlberg, Camilla Vestergaard Hansen, Stefan Guenther, Rubén Marín-Juez,
'It seems that we may also have to think of atrial fibrillation as an atrial cardiomyopathy -- that is, a challenged heart -- rather than as a purely electrical disorder', she says. Defects
in muscle fibres and mitochondria Contrary to expectations, the researchers did not find any disturbances in the ion channels that spread electrical signals between the heart's muscle cells. Instead, they found defects in the structure of the heart muscle itself and in the mitochondria that normally function as the cell's power plant. The defects already occurred in the foetal stage of the fish and deteriorated exponentially with...
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Researchers discover novel mechanism linking changes in mitochondria to cancer cell death
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medicalxpress.com ^
| February 20, 2018 | by Deanna Csomo Mccool, University of Notre Dame
Credit: University of Notre Dame ________________________________________ o stop the spread of cancer, cancer cells must die. Unfortunately,
many types of cancer cells seem to use innate mechanisms that block cancer cell death, therefore allowing the cancer to metastasize. While seeking to further understand cancer cell death, researchers at the University of Notre Dame discovered that the activation of a specific enzyme may help suppress the spread of tumors. The findings, published in Nature Cell Biology, demonstrate that the enzyme RIPK1 decreases the number of mitochondria in a cell. This loss of mitochondria leads to oxidative stress that can potentially...
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Antibiotics that target mitochondria effectively eradicate cancer stem cells...
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Impact Journals ^
| January 22, 2015 | Various
Abstract Here, we propose a new strategy for the treatment of early cancerous lesions and advanced metastatic disease, via the selective targeting of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a.k.a., tumor-initiating cells (TICs). We searched for a global phenotypic characteristic that was highly conserved among cancer stem cells, across multiple tumor types, to provide
a mutation-independent approach to cancer therapy. This would allow us to target cancer stem cells, effectively treating cancer as a single disease of “stemness”, independently of the tumor tissue type. Using this approach, we identified a conserved phenotypic weak point – a strict dependence on mitochondrial biogenesis for...
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