An Ancient Namibian Stone Could Hold The Key to Unlocking Quantum Computers

One of the ways we can fully realize the potential of quantum computers is by basing them on both light and matter – this way, information can be stored and processed, but also travel at the speed of light.

Scientists have just taken a step closer to this goal, by successfully producing the largest hybrid particles of light and matter ever created.

These quasiparticles, known as Rydberg polaritons, were made with the help of a piece of stone containing cuprous oxide (Cu2O) crystals from an ancient deposit in Namibia, one of the few places in the world where cuprous oxide has been found in gemstone quality.

The crystal retrieved from the stone was polished and thinned to less than the width of a human hair and sandwiched between two mirrors to trap light, resulting in Rydberg polaritons 100 times larger than any previously seen.

This achievement brings us closer to producing a quantum simulator that can run off these Rydberg polaritons, using quantum bits or qubits to store information in 0s, 1s, and multiple values in between – rather than just the 1s and 0s of classical computing bits.

"Making a quantum simulator with light is the holy grail of science," says physicist Hamid Ohadi, from the University of St Andrews in the UK.

"We have taken a huge leap towards this by creating Rydberg polaritons, the key ingredient of it."

What makes Rydberg polaritons so special is that they switch continually from light to matter and back again. The researchers compare the light and matter to two sides of the same coin, and it's the matter side where polaritons can interact with each other.

This is important, because light particles move quickly, but don't interact with each other. Matter is slower, but it is able to interact. Putting these two abilities together could help to unlock the potential of quantum computers.

This flexibility is crucial in managing quantum states that remain undefined until they're observed. A fully functioning quantum computer built on this technology remains some way off, but we're now closer than ever before to being able to put one together.

Rydberg polaritons are formed through the coupling of excitons and photons. This is where the ancient gemstone from Namibia came in: Cuprous oxide is a superconductor, a material that allows electrons to flow without resistance – and previous research had shown that it contained giant Rydberg excitons.

Excitons are electrically neutral quasiparticles that can be forced, under the right conditions, to couple with light particles. These large excitons found in cuprous oxide are able to be coupled with photons within a special set-up known as a Fabry–Pérot microcavity – essentially a mirror sandwich.

"Purchasing the stone on eBay was easy," says physicist Sai Kiran Rajendran, from the University of St Andrews. "The challenge was to make Rydberg polaritons that exist in an extremely narrow color range."

Once fully capable quantum computers can be put together – perhaps using these Rydberg polaritons – the exponential improvements in computing power will enable them to tackle hugely complex calculations beyond the scope of the computers we have today.

Examples put forward by the researchers include the development of high-temperature superconducting materials, and understanding more about how proteins fold (potentially increasing our ability to produce drug treatments).

The methods outlined in the new research will need to be refined further in order for these particles to be used in quantum circuits, but the basics are now there – and the team thinks their results can be improved upon in the future too.

"These results pave the way towards realizing strongly interacting exciton–polaritons and exploring strongly correlated phases of matter using light on a chip," write the researchers in their paper.

The subject of Rydberg Polaritons has come up before with respect to LENR.

https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/4744-leif-holmlid-ultra-dense-deuterium-fusion/?postID=46525#post46525

Jan 24th 2017
#56
Plasmon polaritons are essentially electron orbital stuff with energy range in units of electronvolts. The Rydberg orbitals of dense hydrogen should cover the bottom electron orbitals with ionization energy in range of tens-thousands electronvolts. The electron capture and neutron decay is already a nuclear matter stuff in range of kiloelectronvolts and higher. The nuclear reactions like the proton fusion would release energies in range of megaelectronvolts. The formation of pions (mesons) begins at the one hundreds of megaelectronvolts and the formation of muons (2nd generation of lepton) requires the gamma radiation of energy 1 GeV or above (i.e. the cosmic rays). The formation of strange quark based mesons like the kaons would require energies even at least one order of magnitude higher (LEP and Fermilab colliders) . So that once you’re mixing the polaritons and kaons stuffs together in an effort to somehow integrate both concepts into your pet LENR theory, then you’re off by some ten orders of magnitude.

IWlA5t2.png

The trick of laser light in Holmlid experiments is, it has very high effective temperature energy density due to extreme narrow spectral width, so that the pulsed infrared laser can initiate reactions well above the GeV scales. Even the common green-light laser pointer has an effective temperature of black body radiation in range of billion degrees of Centigrade, i.e. thousands of electronvolts, so it could initiate the cold fusion in principle.

Edited 2 times, last by Zephir_AWT (Jan 24th 2017).

https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/3728-can-we-talk-about-holmlid/?postID=49804#post49804

Feb 27th 2017
#453
Alan Smith

I feel this has to do more with nanoplasmonics than Holmlid’s work.

Here constant UV light is converted into electrons by the nanoparticles, which affect the chemical reactions involved with them.

In Holmlid’s case laser pulses serve mainly to violently disrupt the ultra-dense hydrogen layer (also on flat surfaces), which exists before the laser is used.

If there’s a correlation with Holmlid’s work it might be through Etiam Oy. In their patent they suggest that local electric fields are greatly enhanced at sharp edges and nanotips, and such fields are both able to ionize hydrogen atoms in contact with it and forming Rydberg hydrogen, as well as “destabilize” Rydberg matter and inverted Rydberg matter (now known as ultra-dense hydrogen), depending on their strength. Visible and IR photons may also form surface plasmon polaritons that proceed along those features, reportedly improving the reaction by enhancing the local electric field strength.

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2013076378A2

Like 2

https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/5282-enhanced-fusion-in-face-centered-cubic-metals/?postID=63671#post63671
Jul 3rd 2017
#13

Quote from Wyttenbach
axil : This is good news for chemical applications and shows the potential of Pt as a chemical catalyst. In LENR we need cavities of sub nano size not particles, but in a pile of small particles there will always be some small cavitiesm but with random shape.

This is most likely wrong. But any “stable” plasma forms out zones with a “grid like structure”, that look similar to your drawings. The SUN-CELL can be explained by plasma physics.

Metal nano and micro particles produce vortexes of light/electrons in what can be termed as polariton solitons. (7)

It is worth explicitly point it out because it is such an important reference (7) “Plasmonics with a twist: taming optical tornadoes on the nanoscale”. This article provides a wonderful explanation of how metal nanoparticles integrate with polaritons to form EMF energy concentrations.

images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSqVjvZDllmTDGS_5VdTfV04sWN9sFRvZ0dOthQMhgC4aX4THc1

Simply put, the most powerful EMF amplifiaction is produced by the widest RANGE in particle sizes. A ultra small particle produces the most EMF amplification.

Nanoplasmonics provide many types of EMF amplification mechanisms. One of the more difficult mechanisms to understand is how a pile of nano and micro particles greatly amplify EMF. The reference provided in this post shows how the topology in the way particles aggregate explains how EMF is concentrated through vortex formation. The reference defines an analogy between a vortex and a gear. Like a funnel, a large particle gathers the energy from a wave of EMF far larger than its diameter, In the case of the Rossi system, this type particle according to the patent between 1 to 100 microns but mostly 5 micron nickel particles available commercially off the shelf (COTS). Other nanoparticles are produced as an ongoing process during E-Cat operation by what is termed “Secret Sauce” chemical additives. These additives provide the smallest nanoparticles in the particle aggregations. A picture of how these particles aggregate is now worth understanding (8). But there is a constraining factor that limits the aggregation of a certain size limit due to dipole forces (9).

The largest particles produce relatively huge amounts of dipole generated current. . Other particles of various sizes accumulate around the large nickel particles (100 microns). Each of these particles produces a photonic vortex proportional to the size of the large particle member of the aggregation. These vortexes fit together like gears where the large vortex provides a large amount of power concentration, and the other smaller vortexes provide a gear train that speeds up the rotation rate of the smaller gears down the train.

Finally, the smallest vortices associated with hydrogen crystals, spin at high rates of speed providing the largest EMF power amplification. If a 12 atom nanoparticle could be had to add to the particle mix, a huge EMF amplifiaction effect could be produced.

The takeaway is that a large spread of particles sizes produced within an aggregation of particles generates the most powerful EMF amplification effects. This fact explains why the “secret sauce” effect provides such a large EMF power amplification result. These alkali metal hydrides supply the intermediately sized gears that allow the large nickel gears to transfer their vast store of energy with little loss to the smallest hydrogen based gears down a smoothly running vortex power transmission chain. The smallest particles are the hydrogen Rydberg matter which has its own unique supercharged EMF amplification mechanism.

I venture to say that there is randomness associated with this particle aggregation process that enables a sort of natural selection where the most effective dust pile configurations provide the most EMF amplification. When there are an abundance of particles, the chances are good that some of these piles will be LENR capable. That is to say, when there are a large number of particles, the chances are good that some of their aggregates will produce EMF implication great enough to catalyze quantum mechanical level effects.

There is also a certain lifetime associated with particle formation. Particle piles are constantly falling apart. These particle aggregates must be constantly rebuilt to maintain a sustained reaction rate.

6 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Catalyzer

7 – Plasmonics with a twist: taming optical tornadoes on the nanoscale

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1405/1405.1657.pdf

8 – Particle aggregation

https://vimeo.com/36691535

9 – The effect of the dipole-dipole repulsion on the size of the L-J particle aggregation

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Magnetic monopole beam

One of the amazing revelations that have come out of nanoplasmonic research is the explanation of how the “dark mode” polariton soliton can produce a monopole magnetic beam. This amazing revelation is not theory; it is based on experimental results. But there is a theoretical explanation that goes along with the experimental data (10). The monopole magnetic beam becomes pronounced at polariton soliton (PS) intermediate energy levels since the Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) align all the spins of the polaritons inside the soliton to project out of the soliton from its center perpendicular to its direction of wave rotation. The polariton has a spin of 2.

There is even an experimental micrograph that shows the soliton and the monopole beam coming out of it

nphys2406-f2.jpg

This beam can extend out to 100 microns away from the soliton.

Sin+t%C3%ADtulo.png

This beam must be triggered into forming a monopole configuration by using a high electrostatic potential (50 to 100 kilovolts as per Rossi’s patent) (Kerr effect)

20170119174546739132.jpg

10 - Half-solitons in a polariton quantum fluid behave like magnetic monopoles

http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1204/1204.3564.pdf

Edited 4 times, last by axil (Jul 3rd 2017).

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