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You know the mantra: Human caused climate change, driven by burning fossil fuels and adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, causes an increase in the frequency and severity of major storms, like hurricanes. When major hurricanes come along, as they regularly do, the promoters of this mantra immediately claim an ability to “attribute” the storm and/or its intensity to the ongoing human-caused warming. For example, last October we had Hurricane Melissa, a Category 5 storm that struck Jamaica and other Caribbean islands. As soon as Melissa had passed, an organization calling itself World Weather Attribution promptly came out with an...

...Barry Cunliffe here marshals this vast array of evidence -- both archaeological and textual -- in a masterful reconstruction of the lost world of the Scythians, allowing them to emerge in all their considerable vigour and splendour for the first time in over two millennia. Author Talk | The Scythians | Barry Cunliffe | 39:29 Oxford Academic (Oxford University Press) 173K subscribers | 131,877 views | March 25, 2020

A team scanning a boat-shaped hill in eastern Turkey has announced that new radar images show a large man-made structure underground, not just natural rock. On Wednesday, private research group Noah’s Ark Scans released a preliminary report about their work at the Durupınar Formation in Turkey, claiming that the 515-foot boat-shaped mound contained a 'man-made object.' The scans were conducted by Dr Khosrow Bakhtar, an engineer who spent decades building detection systems for US defense agencies, including the Air Force, Navy and NORAD. He used a system he invented called BakhtarRadar, originally developed to find buried tunnels and hidden structures,...

Explanation: Peculiar spiral galaxy Arp 78 is found within the boundaries of the head strong constellation Aries. Some 100 million light-years beyond the stars and nebulae of our Milky Way galaxy, the island universe is an enormous 200,000 light-years across. Also known as NGC 772, it sports a prominent, outer spiral arm in this detailed cosmic portrait. Tracking along sweeping dust lanes and lined with young blue star clusters, Arp 78's overdeveloped spiral arm is pumped-up by galactic-scale gravitational tides. Interactions with its brightest companion galaxy, the more compact NGC 770 seen directly below the larger spiral, are likely responsible....

President Donald Trump’s resolve is paying off, proving the “Iran is stronger now” crowd to be completely wrong. Oil shipments from the Persian Gulf are now approaching prewar levels, ending the energy blackmail — even as Tehran’s resources dwindle, pushing the regime ever closer to having to abandon its nuclear ambitions. Crucially, the campaign has proved that Iran can’t sustainably stop Gulf shipments — as long as a real leader stands up to its bullying. That’s a huge win for the entire civilized world. Consider the progress: Crude exports from the Gulf fell from 18.3 million barrels a day in...

A Florida mother was arrested after allegedly leaving her four young children — including a 2-month-old infant and a 2-year-old — home alone as she took a three-night cruise to the Bahamas, visibly shocking the judge hearing the case. “Who leaves four little kids alone to go on a cruise?” Miami-Dade Circuit Judge Mindy Glazer incredulously asked Nathalie Belizaire, 29, as she appeared in court with her lawyer by video call Tuesday. “The poor kids were home alone!” she exclaimed, Local 10 reports. Belizaire was charged with four counts of child neglect after she flitted off for a three-night cruise...

Explanation: What causes the swirl in the Shrimp Nebula? Its high speed is likely. What is sure is that Sh2-188 is one of the larger planetary nebulas on the night sky, by angular size, spanning about half the diameter of the Moon. Moreover, the white-dwarf core -- leftover from the Sun-like star that shed its outer atmosphere -- is moving unusually fast through interstellar space, creating a bow shock most visible on the upper left that is similar to a boat plowing through water. Although faint, the Shrimp Nebula glows also by compressing and brightening gas on its leading edge....

Key Points OpenAI has decided not to release its GPT-6.1 Astra model due to heightened AI safety concerns. Saachi Jain, head of safety systems at OpenAI, said the model “didn’t quite meet the bar in terms of staying within scope and authorization, and how it communicates back to the user about the type of work it’s done.” The heads of OpenAI and rival Anthropic have both indicated recently that top AI labs should slow the pace of model development. ======================================================================= OpenAI decided not to release an upcoming artificial intelligence model, GPT-6.1 Astra, after determining that it did not adequately meet...

Parts of a medieval ship have been discovered in an unlikely place: forming the ceiling of a 13th-century cellar in southern Germany. Researchers say the unusually well-preserved timbers could provide new insights into medieval shipbuilding on Lake Constance. The discovery was made during an architectural investigation of a building on Konradigasse in Konstanz, a southern German city on the shores of Lake Constance. Researchers from the State Office for Monument Preservation (LAD) found that timbers reused to construct the ceiling of a cellar dating to 1244 had originally belonged to a ship... Once the vessel was no longer needed for...

Today we cover the Indictment of Madduwatta: a 3,400-year-old Hittite legal complaint that happens to contain the oldest named Greek warrior in the historical record. Long before Homer ever put pen to paper on the Iliad or the Odyssey, a warlord named Attarissiya crossed the Aegean with a hundred chariots, tore through western Anatolia, unseated a Hittite-backed ruler, and fought the empire's own army to a standstill before sailing home. We also trace the wider collapse-era: the Hittite Empire at Hattusa, the Lukka coastal peoples, the Assuwa confederation, and Ahhiyawa. The Invasion That Inspired Homer's Iliad | 18:55 Bronze to...

New research suggests that Nereid, an unusual moon of Neptune, could be the sole survivor of the satellites that formed with the planet... Nearly half of its 16 known moons travel backwards around the planet. One of them is not like the others: Like a swan chick among ducklings, Triton is six times larger than the system's next-largest moon. Nearly as big as Earth's Moon, Triton has long been considered a Pluto-like world, captured in Neptune's orbit when the planet was still young. Now, research suggests that Triton's arrival -- or perhaps even the arrival of some earlier, Triton-like object...

SpaceX’s massive Starship rocket erupted into flames as it splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on Monday, prematurely ending its first successful flight into orbit. The rocket soared into space early Monday but had to cut its scheduled 10-hour flight around the globe short to ensure safety, the company said. The rocket splashed down just north of Hawaii three hours into its flight, with Starship tipping over and getting engulfed in flames in a dramatic end to the mission. SpaceX’s historic launch nearly failed after one of its six engines shut down close to lift off, with flight controllers moving...

Explanation: What color is the universe? More precisely, if the entire sky were smeared out, what color would the final mix be? This whimsical question came up when trying to determine what stars are commonplace in nearby galaxies. The answer, depicted here, is a conditionally perceived shade of beige. In computer parlance: #FFF8E7. To determine this, astronomers computationally averaged the light emitted by one of the larger samples of galaxies analyzed: the 200,000 galaxies of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. The resulting cosmic spectrum has some emission in all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, but a single perceived composite color....

Who were the Phoenicians, really? Let’s look at the civilization behind the ancient Mediterranean’s most mysterious seafaring culture. The Phoenicians Were Stranger Than You Think (No AI) | 41:12 Nils | 47.6K subscribers | 353,198 views | September 21, 2026

This video explores how Canon is challenging ASML's dominant monopoly in the semiconductor industry with its innovative nanoimprint lithography (NIL) technology. Key takeaways: The Challenge: While ASML relies on incredibly expensive and complex Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) light systems (costing up to $350 million) (1:26), Canon has developed the FPA-1200NZ2C, a system that uses a physical stamp to pattern chips (0:23, 4:37). This method is significantly cheaper and more energy-efficient (0:23, 7:45). The Technology: Nanoimprint works by pressing a mold directly into a polymer on a wafer (3:13). While historically plagued by contamination issues, Canon—through its 2014 acquisition of Molecular Imprints—has...

If you have ever been stuck in traffic wishing your car could sprout wings, Samson Sky has been working on something pretty close. Its Switchblade flying car can drive out of your garage and take you to a nearby airport. Once there, the wings come out, the tail extends and the vehicle becomes an airplane. You heard right, an airplane. After landing, everything folds back inside so you can drive the rest of the way. That idea has been around for years. What makes Switchblade worth another look right now is that Samson says it has secured an $80 million...

Archaeologists have unearthed a monumental 2,700-year-old tomb at Vulci, an important ancient Etruscan town north of Rome. Despite repeated attempts by tomb robbers to loot this burial over the centuries, the tomb still contained a massive collection of grave goods, including weapons, gold and bronze plates, chariot parts, a rare pair of women's shoes, and a complete banquet set. The burial, nicknamed the Tomb of the Stone Chamber, was excavated this summer, according to a translated statement from the Italian Superintendency of Archaeology, Fine Arts and Landscape for the Province of Viterbo and Southern Etruria (SABAP-VT-EM). But the discovery builds...

Analyzing the teeth of a 25,000-year-old skeleton from Sulawesi, Indonesia, researchers have deduced that this individual habitually sucked on betel nuts, and probably developed an addiction to this popular stimulant. Widely consumed across southeast Asia and the Pacific, betel nuts are the world's fourth most popular drug, behind alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine. These days, the nuts are typically mixed with slaked lime and chewed as a "quid" in order to release the psychoactive compound arecoline, triggering mild euphoria and heightened alertness. Although the roots of this practice are poorly understood, it is generally assumed that betel chewing does not pre-date...

Where was Cleopatra buried? In this National Geographic documentary special, lawyer-turned-archaeologist Kathleen Martinez searches for Cleopatra’s lost tomb. After over 20 years of searching, her excavations now lead in an unexpected new direction, a submerged site miles offshore in the Mediterranean. She has enlisted Titanic discoverer Bob Ballard, the Egyptian Navy, and a team of archaeologists and divers to help her explore this mysterious location that may finally answer over a thousand year old secrets. Cleopatra's Final Secret (Full Episode) Documentary Special | National Geographic | 1:06:19 National Geographic | 26.5M subscribers | 717,495 views | September 24, 2026

Explanation: What does the Andromeda galaxy really look like? The featured image shows how our Milky Way Galaxy's closest major galactic neighbor really appears in a long exposure through Earth's busy skies and with a digital camera that introduces normal imperfections. The picture is a stack of 223 images, each a 300 second exposure, taken from a garden observatory in Portugal during 2019. Obvious image deficiencies include bright parallel airplane trails, long and continuous satellite trails, short cosmic ray streaks, and bad pixels. These imperfections were actually not removed with Photoshop specifically, but rather greatly reduced with a series of...