HAMAS and Israel: Conflicting Strategies of Group-Based Politics Authored by Dr. Sherifa D. Zuhur. This is an excerpt of the summary without endnotes. The original summary with endnotes can be found in the full text PDF. (The full text is over 100 pages) The conflict between Palestinians and Israelis has heightened since 2001, even as any perceived threat to Israel from Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, or even Syria, has declined. Israel, according to Chaim Herzog, Israel's sixth President, had been "born in battle" and would be "obliged to live by the sword." Yet, the Israeli government's conquest and occupation of the...