It was 36 years after the death of Mohammed (632 A.D.) that a Muslim army first laid siege to the eastern gateway to Europe, Constantinople (now Istanbul). After that, Islamic armies battled Europeans in Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Sicily, Austria, Bosnia, Serbia, Croatia, Hungary, Rumania, Wallachia, Albania, Moldavia, Bulgaria, Greece, Armenia, Georgia, Poland, Ukraine and Russia. "From the fury of the Mohammedan, spare us, O’Lord," was a common prayer uttered in European churches for centuries. Spain was occupied by Muslims for 800 years, Portugal 600, Greece 500, Sicily 300, Serbia 400, Bulgaria 500 and Hungary 150 years. Western occupation of...