A team of archaeologists has discovered what appears to be a 4,500-year-old lost Harappan settlement deep in northwest India’s Thar Desert, reshaping long-held beliefs about the boundaries of the Indus Valley Civilization. Located near the India–Pakistan border, the site marks the first confirmed evidence of Harappan presence in Rajasthan’s arid western region. Known as Ratadia Ri Deri, the settlement is approximately 60 kilometers (37 miles) from Ramgarh tehsil in Jaisalmer district and just 17 kilometers (10.5 miles) from the international border. The finding expands the known geographical spread of one of the world’s oldest urban civilizations and confirms that the...