FAIRFIELD, Iowa—Seekers of peace and personal fulfillment have streamed over the past three decades to this epicenter of transcendental meditation known for its ties to the Beatles' onetime spiritual leader. Though the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi is dead now, the college he founded here, with its Golden Domes of Pure Knowledge, remains. So do the lofty ideals of his meditation enthusiasts, many of whom have found the presidential candidate who they believe best embodies their aims: Texas Rep. Ron Paul. Thanks to its uncommon history, Fairfield and surrounding Jefferson County boast a large group of transcendental meditators—forming also what is perhaps...