Continued from Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 The Calling of the Apostles Peter and Andrew (Duccio di Buoninsegna, 1308) Edited/Expanded Friday evening; see new material in blue below. "So you are Simon the son of John? You shall be called Cephas (which means Petros)" (John 1:42). All four Gospels tell us that Simon bar-Jona was renamed Cephas, or Petros (i.e., Peter), by Jesus himself (Matthew 16:18, Mark 3:16, Luke 6:14, John 1:42). Cephas is a Grecized transliteration of kepha, an Aramaic word for rock. (Well, technically, since I'm writing in English, "kepha" and "cephas"...