Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner and White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel are never far from each other’s side, according to detailed daily schedules obtained by The Wall Street Journal Thursday through a Freedom of Information Act request. From January to July, Geithner and Emanuel met in person, spoke on the phone, or left messages for each other at least 108 times—interactions that don’t include broader meetings with White House officials or informal contacts such as hallway chats. Contact between the two senior administration officials picked up after Feb. 10, the day Geithner delivered a widely panned speech outlining his...