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The world’s oldest known rug, the Pazyryk, dates back to the 4th to 3rd centuries BC. Preserved by the cold, icy conditions of the Altai Mountains, it has remained in remarkable condition for over 2,500 years. The rug’s survival is the result of unusual circumstances. In the Bolshoy Ulagan dry valley of Kazakhstan, looters ransacked the tomb of a Scythian nobleman, leaving it uncovered. This allowed cold air to freeze and protect the rug from decay. In 1949, archaeologist Sergei Rudenko uncovered the rug, which is now housed in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia. Remarkable craftsmanship and design...

...the Neanderthals who lived in Chagyrskaya Cave in southern Siberia around 54,000 years ago. Their distinctive stone tools are dead ringers for those found thousands of kilometres away in eastern and central Europe. The intercontinental journey made by these intrepid Neanderthals is equivalent to walking from Sydney to Perth, or from New York to Los Angeles, and is a rare example of long-distance migration by Palaeolithic people... Neanderthals are now believed to have created 176,000 year-old enigmatic structures made from broken stalactites in a cave in France, and cave art in Spain that dates back more than 65,000 years. They...

It is intricately made with polished green stone and is thought to have adorned a very important woman or child on only special occasions. Yet this is no modern-day fashion accessory and is instead believed to be the oldest stone bracelet in the world, dating to as long ago as 40,000 years. Unearthed in the Altai region of Siberia in 2008, after detailed analysis Russian experts now accept its remarkable age as correct.  New pictures show this ancient piece of jewellery in its full glory with scientists concluding it was made by our prehistoric human ancestors, the Denisovans, and shows...