On the Treatment of Covid-19: What do the available scientific evidence and current clinical experience tell us so far?

Swiss Policy Reseach ^ | 08/01/2021

[SeekAndFind]

On the Treatment of Covid-19

Stages and treatment of covid disease (EVMS)

Updated: August 2021
Languages: German, English

Based on the available scientific evidence and current clinical experience, the SPR Collaboration recommends that physicians and authorities consider the following covid-19 treatment protocol for the prophylactic and early treatment of people at high risk or high exposure.

Numerous international studies have shown that prophylactic and early treatment can significantly reduce the risk of severe and fatal covid-19 (see scientific references below).

Note: Patients are asked to consult a doctor.

Treatment protocol

Prophylaxis

1. Vitamin D3 (2000 IU per day)
2. Zinc (20mg to 40mg per day)
3. Quercetin (250mg per day)
4. Bromhexine (24mg per day)*
5. Mouthwashes and nasal spray

Early treatment

1. Zinc (75mg to 100mg per day)
2. Quercetin (500mg per day)
3. Aspirin (325mg per day)*
4. Bromhexine (48mg per day)*
5. Mouthwashes and nasal spray

Prescription only

1. Sulodexide (LMW heparin)*
2. Fluvoxamine or cyproheptadine*
3. Steroids: Prednisone or budesonide*
4. High-dose vitamin D (up to 80,000 IU)*
5. Monoclonal antibody treatment
6. Anti-androgen treatment
7. Ivermectin*

(*) Notes

• Ivermectin requires a prescription in the US and in most EU states (more).
• Bromhexine is available prescription-free in most of Europe, but not in the US.
• Cyproheptadine and steroids are only used if respiratory symptoms develop.
• Vitamin D for early treatment should be used in its fast-acting form, calcifediol.
• Counterindications and maximum dosages must be observed for all drugs.

See also

• FLCCC Covid-19 Prophylaxis and Treatment Protocols (FLCCC, May 2021)
• Early Outpatient Treatment of COVID-19 (McCullough et al., October 2020)
• Covid-19 Early Treatment Study Overview (c19early.com, April 2021)

Treatment studies

Results of trials and studies on the early treatment of covid.

Ivermectin

Ivermectin (an antiparasitic drug) has anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties.

• Several controlled and observational studies on ivermectin found anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects and a significant reduction in covid mortality.
• A WHO-supported meta-analysis found a reduction in covid mortality of 56%.
• However, due to a lack of large high-quality trials, the WHO, the US FDA and the European EMA do not recommend using ivermectin against covid outside of clinical trials.
• See also: The Ivermectin Debate (July 2021)

Zinc and quercetin

Zinc inhibits RNA polymerase activity of coronaviruses and thus inhibits virus replication. Quercetin (a plant polyphenol) supports the cellular absorption of zinc and has additional anti-viral properties.

• A Spanish study found that low plasma zinc levels (below 50mcg/dl) increased the risk of in-hospital death of covid patients by 130%.
• US studies found an 84% decrease in hospitalizations and a 45% decrease in mortality based on risk-stratified early treatment with zinc and HCQ.
• A US case study reported a rapid resolution of covid symptoms, such as shortness of breath, based on early outpatient treatment with high-dose zinc.
• An Italian randomized trial found a significantly reduced hospitalization rate and mortality in covid patients receiving quercetin.

Bromhexine

Bromhexine (a mucolytic cough medication) inhibits the expression of cellular TMPRSS2 protease and thus the entry of the virus into the cell, as first described in 2017.

• A randomized Iranian trial with 78 patients found a decrease in intensive care treatments of 82%, a decrease in intubations of 89%, and a decrease in deaths of 100%.
• A Chinese trial found a 50% reduction in intubations in patients receiving bromhexine.
• A Russian study found a faster recovery in hospitalized patients receiving bromhexine.
• A Russian prophylaxis study found a reduction in symptomatic covid from 20% to 0%.

Vitamin D3

Vitamin D3 supports and improves the immune system response to infections.

• A Spanish randomized controlled trial found a 96% reduction in the risk of requiring intensive care in patients receiving high-dose vitamin D (100,000 IU).
• Another randomized trial in Spain with 930 hospitalized patients found a reduction in ICU treatment of 80% and in mortality of 60% in patients receiving high-dose vitamin D.
• A study in a French nursing home found an 89% decrease in mortality in residents who had received high-dose vitamin D either shortly before or during covid-19 disease.
• A retrospective British study of approximately 1000 hospitalized covid patients found an 80% reduction in mortality with high-dose vitamin D.
• A large Israeli study found a strong link between vitamin D deficiency and covid-19 severity.
• For an overview of all covid-19 vitamin D studies, see here.

Aspirin and heparin

Aspirin and heparin have anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic effects.

• A meta-study including 15,000 patients found a reduction in covid mortality of 53% in patients who were receiving aspirin as early or prophylactic treatment.
• A US study found a reduction in covid mortality at 30 days from 10.5% (control group) to 4.3% (with aspirin) in veterans taking aspirin.
• A retrospective US study with 400 patients found a reduction in ICU treatments by 43% and a reduction in mortality by 47% in the group of patients treated early with aspirin.
• A Mexican randomized controlled trial found a 40% reduction in hospitalization in patients receiving sulodexide (a heparin combination).

Mouthwashes and nasal sprays

Mouthwashes and nasal sprays target the initial infection and viral replication.

• Several small studies found that mouthwashes (gargling) based on povidone-iodine and nasal sprays based on povidone-iodine or nitric oxide may prevent a coronavirus infection or reduce its duration or symptoms (more about this).
• The German Society for Hospital Hygiene (DGKH) recommends anti-viral mouthwashes and nasal sprays for prophylaxis and early treatment.
• Some observers argued that traditional nasal rinsing and gargling practices in South East Asia may have helped successfully limiting coronavirus infections in these countries.
• Israel started mass production of nasal sprays based on nitric oxide in early 2021.

Anti-androgen treatment

Anti-androgen treatment inhibits the expression of the TMPRSS2 cellular protease used by SARS-CoV-2, which is driven by androgen hormones (i.e. male sexual hormones).

• A first randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled trial in Brazil found that proxalutamide reduced hospitalization rates in male patients by 91%.
• Another randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled trial in Brazil found that proxalutamide reduced mortality in hospitalized patients (male and female) by 78%.
• Previous studies found that men receiving anti-androgens – typically used against prostate cancer or hair loss – were at a much lower risk of severe covid.

Fluvoxamine and Cyproheptadine

These drugs inhibit serotonin-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction.

• Fluvoxamine and cyproheptadine target serotonin metabolism and serotonin-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction, which according to emerging evidence appears to be a key mechanism driving severe covid and covid-related respiratory failure.
• Fluvoxamine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and reduces platelet serotonin concentration; cyproheptadine is a direct serotonin receptor antagonist.
• The results of two preliminary US trials indicate that early treatment with fluvoxamine may reduce the risk of severe covid, hospitalization and death to near zero.

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids (e.g. prednisone, budesonide) reduce covid-related systemic inflammation.

• A study by the University of Oxford, published in the Lancet, found a significant reduction in urgent care visits and hospitalizations in patients receiving budesonide (an asthma drug).
• The British PRINCIPLE trial found that budesonide accelerated recovery by 3 days and reduced hospitalizations and deaths from 10.3% to 8.5%.
• The early outpatient treatment protocol developed by McCullough et al. recommends the use of prednisone if (and only if) covid-related respiratory symptoms develop.

Monoclonal antibody therapy

Antibody therapy is intended to inhibit viral replication.

• Monoclonal antibodies have been shown to be ineffective in late treatment of covid, but very effective in early treatment. This is because severe covid is characterized by hyper-inflammation, not viral replication.
• Some monoclonal antibodies have lost their effectiveness against new virus variants.
• Convalescent plasma therapy has been shown to be ineffective in both early and late treatment of covid.

Additional notes

The early treatment of patients as soon as the first typical symptoms appear and even without a PCR test is essential to prevent progression of the disease. In contrast, isolating infected high-risk patients at home and without early treatment until they develop serious respiratory problems, as often happened during lockdowns, may be counterproductive.

People at high risk living in an epidemically active area should consider prophylactic treatment together with their doctor. The reason for this is the long incubation period of covid-19 (up to 14 days): when patients first notice that they contracted the disease, the viral load is already at a maximum and there are often only a few days left to react with an early treatment intervention.

Early treatment based on the above protocol is intended to avoid hospitalization. If hospitalization nevertheless becomes necessary, experienced ICU doctors recommend avoiding invasive ventilation (intubation) whenever possible and using oxygen therapy (HFNC) instead.

[E. Pluribus Unum]

According to the CDC's own numbers, covid has a 99.74% survival rate. No vaccine is needed.

[SeekAndFind]

RE: According to the CDC’s own numbers, covid has a 99.74% survival rate. No vaccine is needed.

That’s not their argument. Their argument is if you get vaccinated, the survival rate shoots up even further: 99.999%

[E. Pluribus Unum]

Except that it doesn’t.

[Brian Griffin]

“covid has a 99.74% survival rate”

Fly our friendly skies - only one out of 400 flights crashes.

I think my subdivision has about 400 people. Who won’t we miss?

I think we can survive with 434 representatives. Who won’t we miss? Nancy? AOC? Omar? The Muslim woman with the foul mouth?

[El Cid]

Thanks for the post

[E. Pluribus Unum]

4,000,000 global CCP virus deaths out of a global population of 7,900,000,000 = 0.05%, the average age was 80, the median age was 78.

The overwhelming number of people who died were obese and old with one foot in the grave and the other on a banana peel.

This is not the case with the people dying from the “cure.”

Forcing an experimental “vaccine” on unwitting human subjects is a crime against humanity.

They thought they would have us in chains by now, but it hasn’t gone according to plan. They are desperate to keep the hoax alive.

They don’t talk about deaths anymore because deaths have plummeted.

They talk about cases, but not the number of cases because there aren’t that many.

They talk breathlessly about the percentage increase in cases from last week.

200% rise in cases! OMG!

1 case last week! 3 cases this week! OMG! OMG! OMG!

That’s no working anymore, so now there is a new WTF variant!

OMG! OMG! OMG! OMG! OMG! OMG! OMG! OMG! OMG! OMG!

[TTFX]

High-dose vitamin D (up to 80,000 IU)

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Retarded. Excess vitamin D reduces vitamin K. People with low vitamin K do worse against the wuhan coronavirus.

[CatHerd]

Thank you and bookmarking

[proust]

Good find, thanks.

[sauropod]

Bump

[RummyChick]

You are suppose to supplement with K but i have had multiple doctors not tell that to me when giving me a D hammer.
.

I have escaped Covid so far even with a hospital stay. I made sure i had the special mouthwash and pvp iodine while there.

[dkGba]

Thank you.

[dkGba]

They give very high doses of different form of vitamin D to people in hospital to try to bring their levels up fast. Initial low baseline Vit D is overall predictor of mortality

[SeekAndFind]

RE: I made sure i had the special mouthwash and pvp iodine while there.

Can you share with us what the special mouthwash is? I have been told that this particular mouthwash actually helps:

[Some Fat Guy in L.A.]

Instead of giving out free shots, why not give every American a free 30 day supply of HCQ and Ivermectin?

[goodnesswins]

What if they add K2?

[TTFX]

What if they add K2?

---

Vitamin K researchers suggested determining that, but I don’t know if anyone did it.

[Truthoverpower]

Of course no where in this is the perfect antibiotic that has been known thousands of years mentioned. Colloidal silver. The silver ion

The silver and doesn’t discriminate and kills all single celled organisms of which all pathogens are it has been documented to kill 650 known such

Here’s just one technical paper

idisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Antibacterial Activity of Colloidal Silver against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria

Andrea Vila Domínguez, Rafael Ayerbe Algaba, [...], and Younes Smani

Additional article information

Abstract

Due to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, new alternative therapies are needed. Silver was used to treat bacterial infections since antiquity due to its known antimicrobial properties. Here, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of colloidal silver (CS) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. A total of 270 strains (Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 45), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 25), Escherichia coli (n = 79), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 58)], Staphylococcus aureus (n = 34), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 14), and Enterococcus species (n = 15)) were used. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CS was determined for all strains by using microdilution assay, and time–kill curve assays of representative reference and MDR strains of these bacteria were performed. Membrane permeation and bacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined in presence of CS. CS MIC90 was 4–8 mg/L for all strains. CS was bactericidal, during 24 h, at 1× and 2× MIC against Gram-negative bacteria, and at 2× MIC against Gram-positive bacteria, and it did not affect their membrane permeabilization. Furthermore, we found that CS significantly increased the ROS production in Gram-negative with respect to Gram-positive bacteria at 24 h of incubation. Altogether, these results suggest that CS could be an effective treatment for infections caused by MDR Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Keywords: multidrug-resistant bacteria, colloidal silver, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria
1. Introduction

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus spp., and Enterococcus spp. represent an increasing worldwide problem [1]. Currently, the appearance of MDR bacteria makes it impossible to find an effective drug to treat certain infectious diseases [2]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic approaches in order to achieve better success in the bacterial infection treatment.

In this context, colloidal silver gained renewed interest. It was reported that colloidal silver can significantly reduce the duration and severity of many bacterial infections such as septic wounds [3]. This suspension of submicroscopic silver particles does not attack the bacteria directly, but causes a deactivation of enzymes responsible for their respiration, multiplication, and metabolism [4]. One of the main characteristics of silver is its oligodynamic effect, which is defined as the high microbicidal capacity of silver ions in water at a very low concentration (one part per million) [5]. Silver is an inert metal in its metallic form; however, it is biologically active when it is in the ionic monoatomic state (Ag+) soluble in an aqueous environment (water or tissue fluids) [6]. This activated ion shows a strong affinity for sulfhydryl groups and protein residues present in cell membranes [6].

Previous studies established four main mechanisms of action of silver ions: (i) destabilization of the cell membrane through the binding of silver ions to the sulfur atoms present in sulfhydryl groups of proteins and enzymes located on the bacterial cell surface [6,7,8], (ii) production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)

[Valpal1]

It’s called the Vitamin D Hammer, it’s a one time dose. Apparently been used for Influenza since 2015. They could also give Vita K also.