The Active Denial System (ADS) is a non-lethal, directed-energy weapon system under development by the U.S. military. It is a strong millimeter-wave transmitter used for crowd control (the "goodbye effect"[1]). Raytheon is currently marketing a reduced range version of this technology."[2] The ADS works by directing electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of 95 GHz[3] toward the subjects. The waves excite (see Excited state) water molecules in the epidermis (skin) to around 55 °C (130 degrees Fahrenheit), causing an intensely painful burning sensation. While not actually burning the skin, the burning sensation is similar to that of a light bulb being...