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Cholestatic liver diseases (CLDs) are a group of disorders characterized by the impairment of bile formation, secretion, or excretion. Chronic cholestasis can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The most common types of CLDs are primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). CLDs are classified into intrahepatic and extrahepatic types based on their etiology. Intrahepatic cholestasis is mainly caused by immune dysfunction, viral infections, drug-induced injury, and alcohol-related damage, whereas extrahepatic cholestasis often results from bile duct stones, tumors, or strictures. Pharmacological treatment of PBC include: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA): UDCA is the first-line treatment for PBC. It improves...

Politicians are quick to sum up the reason March elections in Delray Beach and Boca Raton were canceled last week after no one challenged the incumbents: Things must be great in south Palm Beach County so residents don't want drastic change. Their explanation may have truth to it, but political experts cite a mix of other factors most likely driving prospective candidates away: the need to raise tens of thousands of dollars to beat business-backed incumbents, dual-career families with no time for civic involvement, new residents from other areas not interested in the issues, steady tax rates, and local offices...