Massachusetts law faces fierce criticism from legal scholars, scientists, and prosecutors as you cannot prove a negative (disproving the existence of something that leaves no physical footprint, like a specific psychiatric defect at a precise moment in the past). Because of this, the Massachusetts legal framework creates a deeply controversial paradox in practice. The court system tries to bypass this scientific impossibility by changing the definitions. Legally, the state argues they aren’t requiring prosecutors to prove a negative. Instead, they insist that prosecutors are required to prove a positive behavioral state (the presence of rational, goal-directed, and controlled behavior). However,...