[W]hat has been ignored in the case of Brian Nichols is the role that affirmative action has played in hiring standards for police... For example, in a study I published in 2000 examining the effect of affirmative action on police hiring, a comparison of male and female public safety officers found that female officers had 32 percent to 56 percent less upper-body strength and 18 percent to 45 percent less lower-body strength than male officers... Increasing the number of women officers under these reduced strength and size standards consistently and significantly increases the number of assaults on police officers. In...