The Shadow of Arab Supremacy: Racism and the (roughly) 5 Million Victims of Sudan's Endless ConflictsSudan, Africa's third-largest country, has been scarred by decades of violence rooted in deep-seated ethnic divisions, where Arab identity has been weaponized as a tool of supremacy and exclusion. Since the mid-20th century, conflicts pitting the Arab-dominated north against non-Arab populations in the south and west have claimed roughly 5 million lives, driven by policies of Arabization, racial hierarchies, and genocidal campaigns. This Arab racism—manifested in derogatory slurs like "abd" (slave) for Black Africans, favoritism toward Arab tribes, and state-sponsored militias targeting non-Arabs—has fueled mass...