The world’s oldest known rug, the Pazyryk, dates back to the 4th to 3rd centuries BC. Preserved by the cold, icy conditions of the Altai Mountains, it has remained in remarkable condition for over 2,500 years. The rug’s survival is the result of unusual circumstances. In the Bolshoy Ulagan dry valley of Kazakhstan, looters ransacked the tomb of a Scythian nobleman, leaving it uncovered. This allowed cold air to freeze and protect the rug from decay. In 1949, archaeologist Sergei Rudenko uncovered the rug, which is now housed in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia. Remarkable craftsmanship and design...