Posted on 07/01/2008 10:26:26 AM PDT by blam
Research Casts New Light on History of North America
Research by a Valparaiso University geography professor and his students lends support to evidence the first humans to settle the Americas came from Europe, rather than crossing a Bering Strait land-ice bridge. Valparaiso’s research shows the Kankakee Sand Islands – a series of hundreds of small dunes in the Kankakee River area of Northwest Indiana and northeastern Illinois – were created 14,500 to 15,000 years ago and that the region could not have been covered by ice as previously thought.
Newswise — Research by a Valparaiso University geography professor and his students on the creation of Kankakee Sand Islands of Northwest Indiana is lending support to evidence that the first humans to settle the Americas came from Europe, a discovery that overturns decades of classroom lessons that nomadic tribes from Asia crossed a Bering Strait land-ice bridge. Valparaiso is a member of the Council on Undergraduate Research.
Dr. Ron Janke began studying the origins of the Kankakee Sand Islands – a series of hundreds of small, moon-shaped dunes that stretch from the southern tips of Lake and Porter counties in Northwest Indiana into northeastern Illinois – about 12 years ago. Over the past few years, approximately a dozen Valparaiso undergraduates have worked with Dr. Janke to create the first detailed maps of the Kankakee Sand Islands, study their composition and survey wildlife and plants inhabiting the islands.
Based upon the long-held belief that most of the upper Midwest was covered by a vast ice sheet up until about 10,000 years ago, Dr. Janke said he and other scientists surmised the Kankakee Sand Islands were created by sand in meltwater from the receding glacier.
That belief was challenged, however, when he and his students discovered a year and a half ago that the islands were composed of sand that had come from Lake Michigan – something that should have been impossible with the Valparaiso Moraine standing between the lake and the Kankakee Sand Islands.
“That created a lot of problems with what we had previously believed about ice covering this entire area,” Dr. Janke said. “How could it get over the Valparaiso Moraine and be deposited there?”
Figuring out that puzzle required taking core samples from some of the remaining islands and the development of a new test by one of Dr. Janke’s colleagues to determine when sunlight last shone on the sand.
The answer that came back – the Kankakee Sand Islands were born between 14,500 and 15,000 years ago from Lake Michigan sand – was startling.
“We thought the area was completely covered by ice at that time,” Dr. Janke said. “That was a really earth-shattering result for us.”
Yet it also supports research showing that North American Clovis points – a particular type of arrowhead that represents the oldest manmade object on the continent –identically match arrowheads found in Europe and made by humans at approximately the same time. And just within the last year, new research has provided strong evidence that a large meteorite struck the ice sheet covering North American and melted much of the ice shortly before the formation of the Kankakee Sand Islands.
“Our research at Valparaiso supports this other recent research because it indicates there wasn’t a massive ice sheet covering North America that would have allowed tribes to cross over from Asia via a Bering Strait land-ice bridge,” Dr. Janke said.
Dr. Janke’s research on the formation of the Kankakee Sand Islands is continuing this summer, with a focus on determining whether the islands closest to Lake Michigan are younger than the southernmost islands.
At one time, approximately 1,200 of the islands stretched out in a series of curved bands north and and south of the Kankakee River that are separated by a few miles and mirror the southern tip of Lake Michigan. Though many were destroyed by human settlement, about 700 still exist today.
Dr. Janke and his students also have been active in the Woodland Savanna Land Conservancy, an organization working to protect the Kankakee Sand Islands.
Scott Osthus, a recent graduate who worked with Dr. Janke to map the Kankakee Sand Islands and support their preservation, enjoyed being involved in the research effort.
“During my four years at Valparaiso, I saw how interesting and significant the Kankakee Sand Islands landscape is,” Osthus said. “I want to see this area preserved because it is so historically significant.”
Landowners have donated a handful of islands to the trust for preservation, and Dr. Janke is hopeful that others will follow their lead and perhaps eventually build enough support for some of the islands to be incorporated into Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore or their own state park.
“The Kankakee Sand Islands are archaeologically significant, with numerous Native American artifacts and burial grounds still present in the surviving islands, and they provide crucial habitat for native wildlife and plant species,” Dr. Janke said. “I’m hopefully the sand islands can be protected so we can continue to learn about and appreciate them.”
The early Europeans “sailed” here in small boats that hugged the then-huge glacial shelf that ran from Portugal and Spain to Canada, with stops along the way at the islands in between. They never went to sea, but the boats allowed rapid travel following game. Their arrival in northern North America was thousands of land miles from Mexico and Central America, a distance that would have taken thousands of years to migrate over through rough terrain and obstacles. The finding of Clovis Points that mirror Solutrian Points from Spain cannot be a coincidence.
Well, in 10,000 BC there were no “Europeans” — those people would be just a few centuries off from when East-Asians like the Altaics/Mongoloids would have split off from the Caucasians.
Note: this topic is from 07/01/2008. Thanks blam.
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As I read this post I started to think about earlier posts on the Carolina Bays. My theory on them was that huge blocks of ice had been thrown that far from the boloid strikes in Lake Michigan and then melted. I think that the researchers in this article should consider the possibilit of boloid strikes in Lake Michigan causing their phenomena. I tried to find some pictures that might be similar to the Carolina Bays. Instead I found this link. If you look at the topographic map (third one down), it looks to me as if a great quantity of water was sloshed out of the southern tip of Lake Michigan, leaving a ridge of elevated land as the waters receded. Time to post the Firestone book again.
http://il.water.usgs.gov/nawqa/uirb/description/geology.html
Good idea:
The Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes:
Flood, Fire, and Famine
in the History of Civilization
by Richard Firestone,
Allen West, and
Simon Warwick-Smith
Mmmmmaybe on the splash, but OTOH, the muck farms west and south of here were formerly lakebeds, and the Kalamazoo River, which flows into the Lake at Saugatuck, carried glacial meltwater along the base of the icepack, draining the entire area now drained by the Grand River as well as the K-zoo basin. The river that now flows east and through Chicago (apart from the very end, because Chicago built a sewage treatment system that swallows the outflow of the river and makes the Lake flow inward, up the riverbed, as well) used to flow west and into the glacial-era Mississippi.
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