How Many Hominin Species Migrated Out of Africa?

Archaeology Magazine ^ | December 26, 2025 | editors / unattributed

[SunkenCiv]

According to a Phys.org report, Victory Nery of the University of São Paulo and his colleagues suggest that fossils discovered at the site of Dmanisi in the Republic of Georgia between 1999 and 2005 represent two distinct species. The hundreds of fossils in the group, including five skulls, have been dated to between 1.85 and 1.77 million years ago. Homo erectus is thought to have migrated out of Africa some 1.8 million years ago. Did other species migrate out of Africa as well at this time? The Dmanisi skulls differ from Homo erectus, do not all resemble each other, and vary in size. The scientists therefore focused on the surface area of the premolars and molars of three of the Dmanisi skulls, and compared the sizes and shapes of these teeth with a database of information on Australopithecus and several other hominin species. Then they analyzed nearly 600 hominin teeth and created a biological map of the different species with a statistical sorting tool. The map indicates that the three Dmanisi individuals were not all from the same group. Dmanisi Skull 5, which has a small braincase and massive, protruding face, was categorized as more apelike, while the teeth from the other two skulls were determined to be more like those of humans. The researchers also compared the Dmanisi teeth with the teeth of great apes, which vary in size among males and females. Nery and his team concluded that size differences could not account for the variety observed in the Dmanisi teeth. They therefore suggest that the more apelike Dmanisi individual be classified as Homo georgicus, and the more human-like group be called Homo caucasi

[SunkenCiv]

...Read the original scholarly article about this research in PLOS One. For more on the Dmanisi skulls, go to "Homo erectus Stands Alone," one of ARCHAEOLOGY's Top 10 Discoveries of 2013.

 

Credit: Cicero Moraes et alii (Luca Bezzi, Nicola Carrara, Telmo Pievani) via Wikimedia. CC BY 4.0

[SunkenCiv]

• Thanks for this link! | Seventy-Two Fascinating Finds Revealed in 2025, From a Luxury Spa in Pompeii to a Pair of World War I Messages in a Bottle | Smithsonian Magazine

[NoLibZone]

Anyone not living in Africa is a colonizer!

[wasmv80]

The Garden of Eden, and Eden, and the river . . . cannot be found on a map.

[ridesthemiles]

SURE LOOKS LIKE SCHUMER

[Mr. Blond]

The ones that didn’t wound up as part of the modern African genome...hopefully not against their will.

[Adder]

Did other species migrate out of Africa as well at this time?

Only the smart ones...

[PIF]

homo sapiens sapiens [ us ] hung around in Africa for the better part of 300,000 years twiddling thumbs and generally doing nothing of note ...

[SunkenCiv]

• 😊 Humans Migrated Out Of Africa, Then Some Went Back, Study Says [12/29/2006] 🙈

[Red Badger]

How Many Hominin Species Migrated Out of Africa?

Just the smart ones...................

[mewzilla]

The lumpers and the splitters are still at it I see.

Some things never change.

[bert]

How Many Hominin hybrids migrated out of Africa?

[Red Badger]

All of them.............

[montag813]

The ridiculous “Lucy” theory needs to be dead and buried, forevermore.

[Mr. Blond]

In favor of which theory?

[Adder]

After the twiddles, we got bored and left...

[blam]

We've been covering this story for a long time.

Stranger In A New Land (Archaeology) (11-13-2003)

"Stunning finds in the Republic of Georgia upend long-standing ideas about the first hominids to journey out of Africa"

[SunkenCiv]

Yup! And GREAT to see you!

I didn't get off my duff and put together a list, will do that now...

The rest of the Dmanisi keyword, sorted:

• Romanian Fossil Discovery Pushes Earliest Known Hominin Presence in Europe Back to 1.95 Million Years [01/23/2025]
• Ancient Tablet Etched With Mysterious Language Found in Georgia [the country] [12/17/2024]
• "Cosmic clock" dates earliest human presence in Europe [03/07/2024]
• 1.8m-year-old tooth of early human found on dig in Georgia [09/13/2022]
• 'Homo erectus' from Gongwangling could have been the earliest population in China [06/19/2022]
• Site in Germany yields human presence over 1 million years ago [03/25/2016]
• Latest study suggests early human dispersal into Spain through Strait of Gibraltar [01/02/2016]
• US scientists may have resolved 'Darwin's dilemma' [11/16/2014]
• The Earliest Group Of Modern Humans To Branch Off Survived Until Just 2,300 Years Ago [10/03/2014]
• Europeans drawn from three ancient 'tribes' [09/21/2014]
• "Out of Africa" Theory Officially Debunked [07/27/2014]
• Humans May Have Dispersed Out of Africa Earlier Than Thought [04/21/2014]
• On the Variability of the Dmanisi Mandibles [03/04/2014]
• Discovery Pushes Back the Clock on Human Hand Evolution [12/19/2013]
• Ancient Humans Had Sex With A Mystery Species (Not Neanderthals Or Denisovans) [12/05/2013]
• New 'Human' Fossil Borders on Fraud (article) [11/14/2013]
• Human-like Fossil Menagerie Stuns Scientists (article) [11/08/2013]
• An Incredible New Skull Is Forcing Us To Rethink The Evolution Of Early Humans [10/17/2013]
• Skull discovery suggests early man was single species [10/17/2013]
• Oldest Human Fossil in Western Europe Found in Spain [08/03/2013]
• Archaeologists Continue Searching for "First Humans" in Europe at Atapuerca Site in Spain [07/27/2013]
• Oldest primate fossil rewrites evolutionary break in human lineage [06/06/2013]
• Researchers Just Dug Up A Half-Million-Year-Old Human Jawbone [02/07/2013]
• Ancient Mariners: Did Neanderthals Sail to Mediterranean? [11/24/2012]
• Anthropologist suggests Mediterranean islands inhabited much earlier than thought [11/16/2012]
• Neanderthals were ancient mariners [03/02/2012]
• Neanderthals were ancient mariners [03/02/2012]
• Out of Africa? Data fail to support language origin in Africa [02/20/2012]
• 'The Oldest (Neanderthal) Work Of Art Ever': 42,000-Year-Old Paintings Of Seals Found In Spain [02/08/2012]
• Humans Shaped Stone Axes 1.8 Million Years Ago: Advanced Tool-Making Methods Pushed Back in Time [09/10/2011]
• Humans shaped stone axes 1.8 million years ago, study says [09/02/2011]
• New finds in Caucasus suggest non-African origin for ancient Homo species [06/07/2011]
• Cretan tools point to 130,000-year-old sea travel [01/03/2011]
• Did first humans come out of Middle East and not Africa?... [12/27/2010]
• 400,000 year old spears found in an German coal mine! [10/11/2010]
• Stone tools 'change migration story' (Out of Africa) [09/19/2010]
• Hobbit debate goes out on some limbs [04/23/2010]
• Neanderthal may not be the oldest Dutchman [ 370,000 years B.P. ] [03/30/2010]
• About Belgrade [03/17/2010]
• On Crete, New Evidence of Very Ancient Mariners [02/17/2010]
• Ancient hominids may have been seafarers [01/14/2010]
• French find puts humans in Europe 200,000 years earlier [12/16/2009]
• Georgia fossil suggests key stage of human evolution was in Europe [not Africa] [09/09/2009]
• The Mystery Ape of Pleistocene Asia [ from Longgupo in Sichuan province ] [06/25/2009]
• Revealed: Face of first European as fragments of 35,000-year-old skull are made flesh [05/04/2009]
• A Tiny Hominid With No Place on the Family Tree [04/27/2009]
• Rewriting 'Out of Africa' theory [ 1.83 million years ago in Malaysia ] [01/30/2009]
• Balkan Caves, Gorges Were Pre-Neanderthal Haven [06/27/2008]
• Prehistoric Settlement Found In Qatar (700,000 YO) [06/23/2008]
• Human Ancestor Fossil Found in Europe (Spain) [03/26/2008]
• Out of Africa, Not Once But Twice [03/17/2008]
• Most Ancient Case Of Tuberculosis Found In 500,000-year-old Human; Points To Modern Health Issues [12/07/2007]
• Bulgarian Paleontologists Stumble Upon Prehistoric Tooth [11/29/2007]
• Fossil find changes evolutionary beliefs (New human fossils found in Georgia, north of Africa) [11/18/2007]
• Recent Fossil Find and Human Evolution [10/07/2007]
• Scientists: Hobbit Wasn't a Modern Human [09/20/2007]
• Fossils Reveal Clues on Human Ancestor (transitional fossil alert) [09/20/2007]
• Human ancestor had mix of primitive, modern traits [09/19/2007]
• Did prehistoric man enter Europe through the Balkans? [08/23/2007]
• One Million-Years-Old (Human) Footprints Found At Margalla Hills (Pakistan) [07/28/2007]
• Fossil Tooth Belonged to Earliest Western European, Experts Say(in Spain, 1.2million years old) [07/02/2007]
• 'First west Europe tooth' (million-year-old human tooth) found in Spain [06/30/2007]
• Humans Migrated Out Of Africa, Then Some Went Back, Study Says [12/29/2006]
• Ancient Fossil Child Discovered in Ethiopia [NPR] [09/20/2006]
• Rewriting Human History [08/26/2006]
• What makes us human? The unfortunate 'rat people' of Pakistan could provide the answer. [07/31/2006]
• Homo Floresiensis: tiny toolmaker or microcephalic? (The debate continues) [06/01/2006]
• Evolutionary Back Story: Thoroughly Modern Spine Supported Human Ancestor [05/07/2006]
• The ancient-humans-in-europe controversy [03/04/2006]
• New analysis shows three human migrations out of Africa, Replacement theory 'demolished' [02/10/2006]
• Did Early Humans First Arise in Asia, Not Africa? [12/28/2005]
• Tools Unlock Secrets Of Early Man [12/14/2005]
• Georgians Claim to Unearth Ancient Skull [08/22/2005]
• Debate Heats Up On Role Of Climate In Human Evolution [11/03/2003]
• Georgian Skull's Link To Our Past (Out OF Africa??) [01/10/2003]
• Sabre-tooths and Hominids [11/22/2002]
• Skulls Found in Africa and in Europe Challenge Theories of Human Origins [08/11/2002]
• PALEOANTHROPOLOGY: Were 'Little People' the First to Venture Out of Africa? [07/06/2002]
• Skull of early human found with 'pinhead' brain like a gorilla's [07/05/2002]
• Early clues to 'modern' humans [11/07/2001]

[PIF]

After the twiddles, we got bored and left...

—
Yep. 225,000 years of twiddling is bound to be boring. After the Mt Toba eruption, circa 75,000 BC, which is supposed to have created a genetic bottleneck, reducing the human population to a few thousands - but did not effect other species [ miraculously ].

The remaining homo sapiens sapiens rebuilt, but got bored again - this time twiddling their fingers in the opposite direction for 25,000 years, got bored again around 50,000 BC, abandon their seaside and riverfront homes, and left for a more harsh climate.

Where 40,000 years later, after battling other species to extinction, homo sapiens sapiens created a technological society and went to the Moon - a feat they were unable to manage for the prior 250,000 years, due to misfortunes beyond their control.

Or such we are taught to believe by learned consensus scientists in various disciplines.

[Joe 6-pack]

There was intense environmental and ecological pressure to migrate out of Africa to Minnesota to open daycare centers.