Posted on 06/25/2021 9:48:45 AM PDT by Red Badger
At the onset of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, store shelves were quickly emptied of toilet paper, revealing the commodity’s prominent, yet unspoken role in modern-day society. Although humans have cleaned their bottoms for as long as they have walked the Earth, “three-ply” and “extra-soft” didn’t always describe toilet hygiene. Before the introduction of mass-produced, commercially available toilet paper in the mid-1800s and the continued improvements made into the early 20 century, people relied on less luxurious ways to wipe their bums.
From Seashells to Communal Sponges Through history, local customs and climate often dictated how anal hygiene was carried out. Social hierarchy also had in impact on toilet habits. What’s clear is that humans in all time periods have used a variety of natural tools and materials to clean themselves. In very ancient times, wiping with stones and other natural materials and rinsing with water or snow was common. Some cultures opted for seashells and animal furs.
A sponge on a stick, known as tersorium or xylospongium.
D. Herdemerten/CC BY 3.0
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“The most famous example of ancient ‘toilet paper’ comes from the Roman world [during the first century A.D.] and Seneca's story about the gladiator who killed himself by going into a toilet and shoving the communal sponge on a stick down his throat,” says Erica Rowan, an environmental archaeologist and a lecturer in classical archaeology at the University of London. The sponges, known as tersoriums, may have been used once or cleaned in a bucket of vinegar or salt water and reused, or they may have been used more like toilet brushes than toilet paper.
Beyond the communal sponge, Greco-Romans also used moss or leaves and pieces of ceramic known as pessoi to perform cleansing. Pieces of pessoi may have started as ostraca, broken bits of pottery that often had the names of enemies inscribed on them—a proverbial way to soil upon adversaries.
Small fragments of cloth found in a sewer in Herculaneum, Italy, one of the towns buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 A.D., could have been used as another form of toilet paper, although Rowan points out, “Cloth was made by hand in antiquity so using cloth to wipe your bum would have been quite a decadent activity. It's the equivalent to using the softest and most expensive three-ply today.”
In 1992, archaeologists discovered 2,000-year-old hygiene sticks, known as salaka, cechou and chugi, in latrines at Xuanquanzhi, a former Han Dynasty military base in China that existed along the Silk Road. The instruments, cut from bamboo and other wood, resembled spatulas. The ends were wrapped in cloth and contained traces of preserved fecal matter.
The Introduction of Paper as a Wipe Although paper originated in China in the second century B.C., the first recorded use of paper for cleansing is from the 6th century in medieval China, discovered in the texts of scholar Yen Chih-Thui. In 589 A.D, he wrote, “Paper on which there are quotations or commentaries from the Five Classics or the names of sages, I dare not use for toilet purposes.”
By the early 14th century, the Chinese were manufacturing toilet paper at the rate of 10 million packages of 1,000 to 10,000 sheets annually. In 1393, thousands of perfumed paper sheets were also produced for the Hongwu Emperor’s imperial family.
Paper became widely available in the 15th century, but in the Western world, modern commercially available toilet paper didn’t originate until 1857, when Joseph Gayetty of New York marketed a "Medicated Paper, for the Water-Closet,” sold in packages of 500 sheets for 50 cents. Before his product hit the market, Americans improvised in clever ways.
"The greatest necessity of the age! Gayetty's medicated paper for the water-closet."
Library of Congress
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Barry Kudrowitz, associate professor and director of product design at the University of Minnesota, has studied the history and use of toilet paper. Through the 1700s, corncobs were a common toilet paper alternative. Then, newspapers and magazines arrived in the early 18th century. “The ‘legend’ goes that people were primarily using the Sears catalog in outhouses, but when the catalog began to be printed in glossy paper people needed to find a replacement,” says Kudrowitz. Americans also nailed the Farmer’s Almanac onto outhouse walls, leading the company to pre-drill the legendary “hole” into their publication in 1919.
The first perforated toilet paper rolls were introduced in 1890, and by 1930 toilet paper was finally manufactured “splinter free.” Today, softer, stronger and more absorbent describe the toilet paper found in American homes.
Toilet Paper Hoarding Shifts in attitudes and practices over time, including those associated with bathroom habits and hygiene, can help explain why people in modern society feel compelled to have toilet paper on hand, particularly during a crisis. For instance, in the Middle Ages, people considered human waste both good—being valuable and worth money (excellent for crops)—and bad—filthy and disgusting (excellent for humor and insults).
“The good is little accepted today, despite endeavors to [re]use excrement for energy,” says Susan Signe Morrison, a professor at Texas State University and author of Excrement in the Late Middle Ages: Sacred Filth and Chaucer’s Fecopoetics.
A Roman latrine built in stone around AD 124, in part of the Roman province of Britannia.
English Heritage/Heritage Images/Getty Images
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In ancient Rome, public toilets consisted of stone or marble slabs with a series of holes in them. There were no dividers and therefore no privacy. People ended up (quite literally) sitting right next to each other and sharing the communal sponge. Now, most Americans would be embarrassed at the mere thought of running out of toilet paper.
“It’s psychological,” says Morrison. “We hoard toilet paper because we fear having to face our poo. If we run out of toilet paper, how will we wipe our bottoms?”
I installed my own bidet on my toilet during the lockdown. I still use paper, but not as much. Feels good having a clean butt.
We used to visit my great uncle’s dairy farm way back in the late 50’s and their only bathroom was an outhouse, which did have toilet paper but also a copy of the Sears catalog for backup.
Thanks Red Badger.
Sears and Roebuck catalogs.
Toilet paper? More like privilege paper, Everywhere you go it’s white, white, white. < /neo-Marxist>
Now you know what made Sears & Roebuck such a success in the late 1800s.....................
There used to be colored TP........................
Ever been hunting without paper? I am thinking the very first tool was a rock... Or two... lol
I refer you to Chapter XIII of Gargantua, by Rabelais. Too long to post here.
He looked over and whoa! He is next to a bear doing the same.
The beer looks over to the rabbit and ask "Do you have a problem with poop sticking to your fur?"
The rabbit says No, so the bear grabs the rabbit and uses him to wipe his butt.
“Yo, Tiberius, pass the communal sponge-on-a-stick willya!”
Depending on the location, I’ve often used the Arkansas bidet.
5.56mm
We put them (bidets) in when our house was built. Now one family pack of TP last a year. We didn’t blink an eye at the TP shortages.
I did the same. Big difference, and my septic system thanks me.
WASHED THEMSELVES WITH WATER,
patted themselves dry and never had anal sting
I've been using a hose then a bidet since I visited my fiancee', now my American wife
In the Philippines in 2009
“$$$$$......................”
Oh yeah.
This was of course 35 to 40 years ago when I was in my early 20’s.
I drove by her parents old house a few years ago to go down memory lane and the house was totally gone and a new twice as big one had replaced it.
Interesting from my perspective. I found one of these wiping stones several years back on an Appalachian plateau. It smelled terrible and I concluded that was exactly what it was. There was a Hopewell mound on the plateau, so the stone could have been from a couple thousand years ago.
The three seashells was an inside joke between the screenwriters because one of their wives had some decorative shells in the bathroom and they couldn't figure out the reason why.
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