"The ICC was of particular interest to Russia in March 2022, after it received numerous public referrals regarding human rights violations committed by Russia and its agents during its invasion of Ukraine in February 2022," the criminal complaint says. But Cherkasov was refused entry as he arrived to start the internship. He was arrested days later in Brazil for fraud. The criminal complaint does not say what tipped off Dutch intelligence to Cherkasov's alleged espionage.