The U.S. Navy has been the master of the seven seas since World War II, the pre-eminent maritime force. It seems odd, then, that Navy leadership has long pressed for what amounts to a redundant international hall pass. A steady stream of admirals and service chiefs over many years have advocated for the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea, or the Law of the Sea Treaty — an accord rejected by President Ronald Reagan in 1982. Gen. Martin Dempsey, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, for example, said this treaty “codifies navigational rights and freedoms essential for...