After studying the constitutional language governing the use of military force and the debates that the Framers had on the issue, Joe Biden determined that the Founding Fathers had vested the power to authorize even the limited use of military force in the Congress not the president---unless it was necessary for the president to act swiftly to repel an attack on the United States or to rescue U.S. citizens. Biden derided the opposite position—that the president could use military force without congressional authorization—as a “monarchist” view of presidential power. That was in 1998, however, when Biden was in the Senate.