Posted on 11/11/2024 7:30:07 AM PST by SunkenCiv
On the morning of 21 July, AD 365, the Eastern Mediterranean was shaken by an earthquake that is generally believed to be the strongest recorded earthquake in the Mediterranean. It probably originated around Crete, Greece, and was followed by a tsunami that hit the Mediterranean coastlines causing many deaths. In Alexandria, tsunami devastation was so severe that the day of the event was commemorated as the "day of horror" for centuries after the event.
The earthquake was strong enough to lift parts of Crete by several meters. This upheaval of the island left behind fossil shorelines, which Richard Ott, a scientist at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, and colleagues studied to reconstruct this the event.
The new study published in AGU Advances, which publishes high-impact, open-access research and commentary across the Earth and space sciences, used radiocarbon dating to understand when and how much shorelines on Crete were uplifted and utilized this information to model the source of the earthquakes and tsunamis.
Understanding which fault, a fracture in the Earth's crust, the earthquake originated on is important to understanding the hazard of earthquakes and tsunamis in the Mediterranean.
(Excerpt) Read more at news.agu.org ...
Paper title: Reassessing Eastern Mediterranean tectonics and earthquake hazard from the AD365 earthquake
Authors:
Carbon dating shows that corals on the coast of Crete were lifted ten metres (33 feet) and clear of the water in one massive push. This indicates that the tsunami of 365 was generated by an earthquake in a steep fault in the Hellenic Trench near Crete. Scientists estimate that such a large uplift is likely to occur only once in 5,000 years; however, the other segments of the fault could slip on a similar scale—and this could happen every 800 years or so. It is uncertain whether "one of the contiguous patches might slip in the future."
365 Crete earthquake [Wikipedia]
The rest of 171 the tsunami/tsunamis keywords, duplicates out, sorted:
The same quake that destroyed ATLANTIS???
That occurred much earlier.
Who needs to study to pinpoint the cause of this? It’s easy to see that it’s global warming that caused this earthquake
Since, according to Plato (the only surviving source of that story) Atlantis was destroyed thousands of years before this, no.
That, and Poseidon Earthshaker. :^)
Faults are varied in type. The usual are strike slip faults. This is a sideways action. The two sides of the fault slip sideways, horizontally.
The really ugly ones that generate the huge numbers are subduction faults. With these, the two sides of the fault move vertically, with one plate pushed down beneath the other. This is what generated the huge actions in Indonesia in 2004 that stretched to countries hundreds of miles away. Ditto the 9.2 off the coast near Anchorage in the 1960s.
Those were subduction events. The one lurking off the coast of Seattle will also be a subduction event.
But the eastern Med is not subduction. There is some evidence of subduction in the western Med, but not eastern.
So . . . story probably bogus. That big event is usually ascribed to the Thera volcano.
Perhaps you can recommend two or three of your very favorites?
Lol!
The most recent big Thera eruption was nearly two thousand years before the earthquake mentioned in this article.
trump’s fault!
And then what? Whatever happened to Ptolemaic Egypt in the 7th century must have been even worse. I wonder what is was.
IOW, the climate, the land and the rising seas of today are behaving themselves.
Yup, although I think they’re probably sneakin’ around with a bad crowd. :^)
Yeah, in fact, I had a feeling this might come up, but was doing too much at the time to finish the edited version, which is called, oddly enough, “Tsunami_edited.txt”.
Make sure the big list up there is loaded in your browser, then search for “Olympia”, or “Ionosphere”, or “Sunken City”.
The Forgotten Giant Disaster Of The Late Roman Empire. | 16:46
Maiorianus | 120K subscribers | 29,455 views | November 3, 2024
--> YouTube-Generated Transcript <-- 0:01 · what if I told you that there was a 0:03 · devastating natural disaster in the late 0:06 · Roman Empire which has been almost 0:08 · completely forgotten but whose 0:10 · importance and impact was probably much 0:13 · higher than many would give it credit 0:15 · for on the 21st of July in the year ad. 0:20 · 365 during the reign of The Emperor's 0:23 · violence in the East and valentinian I 0:25 · in the west there was a strong 0:27 · earthquake of the magnitude at least 8.3 0:31 · possibly 8.5 in the west of the island 0:34 · of creit for one minute the Earth shook 0:37 · violently and a huge rupture formed on 0:40 · the sea floor which displaced huge 0:42 · amounts of water and when that happens a 0:45 · shock wave is created which travels at 0:48 · high speeds into all directions away 0:50 · from the epicenter it was then on that 0:53 · fateful day that a very large and 0:55 · devastating tsunami hit many coastal 0:58 · cities of the Mediterranean Sea with as 1:00 · we shall see devastating impact onto the 1:04 · economy and trade of the late Roman 1:08 · Empire it really must have been a 1:10 · devastating event... [ad text redacted] 3:01 · today on the 21st of July in the First 3:05 · consulship of valentinian and his 3:07 · brother fearful dangers suddenly 3:11 · overspread the whole world such as are 3:13 · related in no ancient fables or 3:16 · histories for on that day slightly after 3:19 · Daybreak and heralded by a thick 3:22 · succession of fiercely shapen 3:24 · Thunderbolts the solidity of the whole 3:27 · Earth was made to shake and shudder and 3:30 · the sea was driven away its waves were 3:33 · rolled back and it disappeared so that 3:36 · the abyss of the depths was uncovered 3:39 · and many shaped varieties of sea 3:41 · creatures were seen stuck in the Slime 3:44 · the great wastes of those valleys and 3:47 · mountains which the very creation had 3:49 · dismissed beneath the vast whirlpools at 3:52 · that moment as it was given to believe 3:55 · looked up at the sun's Rays many ships 3:59 · then were stranded as if on dry land and 4:02 · people wandered at will about the 4:04 · poultry remains of the waters to collect 4:08 · fish and the like in their 4:11 · hands then the Roaring sea as if 4:13 · insulted by its repulse Rises back in 4:16 · turn and through the teeming shs dashed 4:20 · itself violently on islands and 4:22 · extensive tracks of the Mainland and 4:25 · flattened innumerable buildings in towns 4:28 · or wherever they were found 4:30 · thus in the Raging conflict of The 4:32 · Elements the face of the Earth was 4:35 · changed to reveal wondrous sights for 4:38 · the mass of waters returning when least 4:41 · expected killed many thousands by 4:45 · drowning and with the tides whipped up 4:48 · to a height as they rushed back some 4:51 · ships after the anger of the watery 4:53 · element had grown old were seen to have 4:56 · sunk and the bodies of people killed in 5:00 · shipwrecks lay there faces up or down 5:04 · other huge ships thrust out by the Mad 5:07 · blasts perched on the roofs of houses as 5:10 · happened at Alexandria and others were 5:12 · Hur nearly 2 miles like the laconian 5:16 · vessel near the town of mituni which I 5:19 · saw when I passed by yawning apart from 5:23 · long 5:26 · Decay this remarkable account from this 5:29 · Dreadful event is by no other than the 5:32 · historian amanos marinus the famous late 5:36 · Roman historian who was a personal 5:38 · friend of the emperor Julian who 5:40 · accompanied Julian on many of his 5:42 · journeys amanos correctly also 5:45 · characterized the different phases of 5:47 · the tsunami wherein the water first 5:50 · recedes giving a false impression to 5:52 · unsuspecting people that the sea is 5:55 · withdrawing when in fact it then makes a 5:58 · forceful and brutal comeback washing 6:02 · away everything in its path it must have 6:05 · been an extremely forceful tsunami since 6:08 · amanus wrote that a ship near the Greek 6:10 · city of mituni was hurled 2 miles or 6:14 · more than 3 kilm Inland and that years 6:17 · later these shipwrecks could still be 6:19 · seen lying around all over the Eastern 6:23 · Mediterranean even kilometers away from 6:26 · the 6:26 · sea the effects of the earthquake itself 6:29 · self are still visible even today the 6:32 · whole of Western Creed was heed up by 6:34 · several meters for instance 2 km west of 6:38 · paleo cor on creit we can see a raised 6:41 · Beach raised by about 9 M showing us sea 6:45 · caves that were once below sea level 6:48 · there are many other such places to be 6:50 · found for instance many places on the 6:52 · island of antiqua famous from the antia 6:55 · mechanism which was found in a shipwreck 6:58 · near the island and many parts of that 7:00 · Island are now between 1 and 2.7 M 7:03 · higher than they were before 365 ad but 7:07 · of course the most devastating effect of 7:09 · this earthquake was the massive tsunami 7:12 · which it created that killed many people 7:15 · and devastated were even completely 7:17 · destroyed many cities in the eastern 7:20 · part of Africa in Egypt and the lant and 7:24 · of course in Greece itself especially on 7:26 · the peloponese peninsula but the 7:28 · destruction reached as as far as Sicily 7:30 · and calabia and even as far north as 7:34 · Dalmatia and of course the south of Asia 7:37 · Minor was affected as well as was 7:40 · actually the entire ages this numerical 7:43 · simulation shows the impact which the 7:45 · tsunami had and the areas of the 7:47 · Mediterranean that were affected in some 7:50 · areas the tsunami reached a height of 13 7:54 · M it is hard to estimate how many people 7:57 · died but it must have been in tens of 8:00 · thousands the city of Apollonia serves 8:04 · as an example to illustrate the 8:05 · incredible damage that had been 8:07 · inflicted onto the many coastal cities 8:10 · by the massive tsunami today we find the 8:13 · city half submerged below sea level as a 8:16 · direct result of that event in 8:19 · 365 the city never fully recovered from 8:22 · that event and this happened as well 8:24 · with many other cities the largest city 8:27 · in the region was kurina which had been 8:30 · founded by the Greeks in 631 BC and it 8:34 · too must have sustained massive damage 8:37 · by the tsunami amanos marinos described 8:41 · the city as ancient but deserted he 8:44 · probably was in that region only some 8:46 · years after that fateful day and so 8:49 · hearing him talk about such a large city 8:52 · being deserted sounds very drastic he 8:55 · certainly exaggerated that claim for 8:57 · dramatic effect however the must have 8:59 · been some truth in it then of course 9:02 · there is the city specifically mentioned 9:04 · by amanos marinus namely meoni he wrote 9:08 · that he saw a laconian vessel wreck near 9:10 · the city apparently carried a great 9:12 · distance Inland by the tsunami meon 9:16 · nowadays lies mostly underwater a 9:19 · testament to the earthquake and 9:20 · following tsunami of 9:23 · 365 and then of course we also have to 9:26 · look at Alexandria which in those times 9:28 · was the large lest of all coastal cities 9:31 · of Africa Egypt and the 9:35 · levand in Alexandria it must have been 9:38 · especially tragic amanos wrote that when 9:41 · the water receded thousands of people 9:43 · came to the Shoreline to see that 9:45 · strange spectacle see the boats suddenly 9:48 · on dry land where before there had been 9:50 · water see Fish and other sea creatures 9:53 · suddenly on dry land and sea sand where 9:56 · not long before they had been the sea 10:00 · but when the waves returned this time 10:02 · much more massive thousands of people 10:05 · drowned and the tsunami reached quite 10:08 · high places toppled many buildings walls 10:11 · and columns and caused destruction in 10:13 · many parts of the city how many people 10:16 · died we don't know exactly but 10:18 · considering the insanely High population 10:20 · density of Alexandria considering that 10:23 · and amanos is account of thousands 10:25 · drowning we can imagine that 10:27 · unfortunately many people were killed by 10:30 · the sudden onslaught of water in 10:33 · Alexandria in fact according to amanos 10:35 · and susuman that event must have been so 10:38 · brutal and devastating that even in the 10:41 · late 6th Century ad the anniversary of 10:44 · the disaster was still commemorated 10:47 · annually in Alexandria as a day of 10:50 · horror based on numerical studies 10:53 · conducted in the paper on that matter 10:55 · Link in the description the tsunami 10:57 · reached a height of 12 meters in this 11:00 · old city that Alexander had established 11:03 · 700 years before the disaster of course 11:06 · the destruction on Creed itself must 11:08 · have also been very severe but there it 11:11 · was more caused by the earthquake itself 11:14 · rather than by the tsunami another city 11:17 · that suffered greatly from the tsunami 11:19 · was leptis Magna the hometown of the 11:23 · emperor Septimus seus it too like most 11:27 · coastal cities in tripolitan and Kura 11:30 · suffered great damage from the tsunami 11:34 · the city had already seen economic and 11:36 · demographic decline since the crisis of 11:39 · the 3rd Century but the tsunami further 11:42 · accelerated that decline we can also 11:45 · clearly see the impact of the 365 ad 11:49 · tsunami on maps depicting the late Roman 11:52 · Empire and the period of the great 11:54 · migrations for instance I always 11:56 · wondered when looking at maps of the 11:58 · Vandal King Kingdom why it never 12:00 · stretched further Eastward and never 12:03 · seemed to have encompassed the cities of 12:05 · Eastern tripolitania and why there was 12:08 · this strange stretch of no man's land 12:11 · between the Eastern Roman Empire and the 12:13 · Vandal Kingdom well it turns out that 12:16 · many of these coastal cities in that 12:18 · area had already been in Decline since 12:20 · that disaster and so when the vandals 12:22 · arrived the cities were just entirely 12:25 · given up or had already been abandoned 12:28 · Long Ago by the Roman population that 12:30 · probably had fled Eastward towards Egypt 12:32 · and 12:34 · Kura even though the coastal regions of 12:36 · Egypt and Kuran had also been devastated 12:39 · the influx of refugees from the western 12:42 · parts of Africa that had been overrun by 12:44 · the vandals certainly helped in 12:46 · rebuilding many of those cities and 12:48 · reinvigorating them but some cities were 12:52 · possibly never fully rebuilt especially 12:54 · if they had been damaged Beyond repair 12:57 · now the impact of such a massive event 13:00 · onto trade and the economy of the Roman 13:03 · Empire must have been brutal especially 13:06 · in a time where not long later huge 13:09 · Germanic invasions would begin between 13:12 · that event and the Battle of adrianople 13:14 · in 378 ad where the Eastern Romans lost 13:18 · against the Goths in a brutal defeat 13:20 · which would have dire consequences for 13:22 · the Western Roman Empire there were only 13:25 · 13 years in that time trade was 13:29 · massively disrupted many ports had been 13:31 · destroyed many ships had been destroyed 13:34 · and repairing all that damage of course 13:37 · would take a long time time which the 13:40 · Roman Empire unfortunately did not have 13:44 · how long the disruption of trade lasted 13:47 · we can only speculate but the impact 13:50 · must have been noticeable and it is not 13:52 · unreasonable to speculate that this 13:54 · event really came at the worst possible 13:58 · time when the Roman Empire would have 13:59 · needed all its strength to deal with the 14:02 · massive Germanic invasions that would 14:04 · soon begin it must also be noted that 14:08 · the event was seen by the pagans as a 14:10 · punishment by the gods for the death of 14:13 · the emperor Julian and this might have 14:15 · further exacerbated the growing 14:18 · polarization of the late Roman Empire 14:21 · due to the rise of Christianity and the 14:23 · growing religious intolerance which had 14:26 · begun under the sons of Constantine so 14:29 · apart from a direct impact through 14:31 · destroyed cities and many dead people 14:34 · and disrupted trade this event might 14:37 · also have increased polarization and 14:41 · religious conflicts hence this disaster 14:44 · it is pretty clear to say certainly 14:47 · didn't affect the late Roman Empire in a 14:49 · positive way and might have contributed 14:53 · to its decline because of the insanely 14:56 · bad timing when this happened many 14:58 · actually think that there was a series 15:00 · of earthquakes between 350 and 450 ad 15:04 · which got convoluted into one single 15:06 · event and indeed many places show 15:09 · repeated damage from several earthquakes 15:12 · and floodings so if there were multiple 15:14 · events that caused destruction of 15:16 · coastal cities in that pivotal 100-year 15:19 · period of the Great Migration well then 15:21 · this would have been an additional and 15:24 · probably quite forgotten factor that 15:26 · certainly wasn't good for the Roman 15:29 · Empire and in that crucial time period 15:31 · where it would have needed things to go 15:33 · well for 15:34 · once and so we see that natural 15:37 · disasters can really cause a lot of 15:40 · damage and the tsunami of 365 ad 15:44 · certainly should not be forgotten as a 15:47 · brutal contributing factor to the 15:50 · decline of the Roman 15:54 · Empire I hope you like this video if you 15:57 · did please consider supporting this 15:59 · Channel via patreon or via YouTube 16:01 · membership because it is your support 16:03 · which makes this channel possible you 16:05 · would have my utmost gratitude and I 16:07 · would especially like to thank our new 16:09 · kaisar supporter carito radovitzky thank 16:13 · you so much carito radovitzky for 16:15 · supporting my oranos in such a generous 16:17 · way majorian would be proud and of 16:20 · course I want to thank everybody who's 16:21 · supporting my oranos you people are 16:23 · amazing and if you want to learn more 16:25 · about how earthquakes destroyed ancient 16:28 · Rome you can watch this video in the 16:30 · upper right corner but if you want to 16:32 · learn more about how climate change 16:34 · negatively affected the Roman Empire you 16:37 · can watch the other video in the lower 16:39 · right corner I say thanks again to all 16:41 · friends of Roman history graas Tiago and 16:44 · benal
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