Here we have gone from $1.75 to $1.95 in the past month!
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Posted on 02/09/2009 12:36:11 AM PST by nw_arizona_granny
Yahoo ran an interesting article this morning indicating a rise in the number of survivalist communities cropping up around the country. I have been wondering myself how much of the recent energy crisis is causing people to do things like stockpile food and water, grow their own vegetables, etc. Could it be that there are many people out there stockpiling and their increased buying has caused food prices to increase? It’s an interesting theory, but I believe increased food prices have more to do with rising fuel prices as cost-to-market costs have increased and grocers are simply passing those increases along to the consumer. A recent stroll through the camping section of Wal-Mart did give me pause - what kinds of things are prudent to have on hand in the event of a worldwide shortage of food and/or fuel? Survivalist in Training
I’ve been interested in survival stories since I was a kid, which is funny considering I grew up in a city. Maybe that’s why the idea of living off the land appealed to me. My grandfather and I frequently took camping trips along the Blue Ridge Parkway and around the Smoky Mountains. Looking back, some of the best times we had were when we stayed at campgrounds without electricity hookups, because it forced us to use what we had to get by. My grandfather was well-prepared with a camp stove and lanterns (which ran off propane), and when the sun went to bed we usually did along with it. We played cards for entertainment, and in the absence of televisions, games, etc. we shared many great conversations. Survivalist in the Neighborhood
http://ferfal.blogspot.com/2009/03/reply-power-bill-goes-up-1000.html
TUESDAY, MARCH 24, 2009
Reply: Power bill goes up... 1000%!!!!!<<<
There are already notices all over the internet, that our power bill is going up, here it is to double.
I think that what ever Ferfal has seen, will come here also.
(I call them ‘strays’, but I’ve taken them to the vet, gotten them fixed and had their shots, and have given them names.. But no, they’re not mine!)<<<
What does a poor kitty have to do, to be claimed by you?
LOL
I need less for they are eating 5 big bags of dry food each month and that is more than I can afford.
And the silencing begins.....<<<
Yes, it has begun and will get worse.
But now I’m not even sure we still have a constitution. If we do it must be in tatters. Today I read that my President wants to hand over to Tiny Tim Geithner the authority to seize any businesses - not just banks - that he sees as a threat to the stability of the economy. And once those companies are seized, the government would have the right to set salaries and bonuses for all employees as well as having direct oversight over company operation.<<<
That is the communist way, all for the elite.
It has already gone too far and the elected ones are jumping in glee.
East Coast Report: Running realllllly slow too...<<<
Just a few hackers, testing their ability to take down the internet.
They should be excellent waffles with fresh ground flour.
see what Atlanta thinks about last night's “performance” /s
Gas Breaks $2.00 gal in WNC
now at 2.04 a gallon..
up 21 cents since Nov 4th..
Changaroonie...
Here we have gone from $1.75 to $1.95 in the past month!
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[From my emails]
23.03.2009
Eurasian Secret Services Daily Review
AIA
Russian secret services linked to cyber-attacks against Georgia
Security researchers from Greylogic published a report which concluded
that the Main Intelligence Directorate of Armed Foces of the Russian
Federation (GRU) and the Federal Security Service (FSB), rather than
patriotic hackers, were likely to have played a key role in
co-ordinating and organising the attacks, The Register writes. More
circumstantial evidence has emerged linking the Russian authorities to
cyber-attacks on Georgia that coincided with a ground war between the
two countries in July and August last year.
The Stopgeorgia.ru forum, which became a fulcrum for attacks of key
Georgian websites last year, uses an ISP located a few doors down from
GRU headquarters. Greylogic reckons the site was added as a front for
state-backed cyber-attacks under the cover of cybercrime.
The StopGeorgia.ru forum was part of a bulletproofed network that relied
on shell companies and false WHOIS data to (a) prevent its closure
through Terms of Service violations, and (b) to mask the involvement of
the Russian FSB/GRU. By mimicking the structure of the Russian Business
Network, a cyber criminal enterprise, it creates plausible deniability
that it is a Kremlin-funded Information Operation.
Greylogic’s study concludes: “The available evidence supports a strong
likelihood of GRU/FSB planning and direction at a high level while
relying on Nashi intermediaries and the phenomenon of crowdsourcing to
obfuscate their involvement and implement their strategy.”
Nashi is a youth group in Russia founded four years ago to counter
anti-Russian and fascist tendencies in the country. The group is
supposedly funded by Russian businessmen, but a pipeline from the
Kremlin is suspected, The Register says.
Long-standing rumours that Russia was behind cyber-attacks on
neighbouring countries were recently fuelled when State Duma Deputy
Sergei Markov claimed that one of his assistants was responsible for
instigating cyber-attacks against Estonia in 2007. Shortly after this,
Konstantin Goloskokov, a “commissar” in Nashi, claimed he and other
associates were responsible for the month-long cyber-assault on Estonia.
The Project Grey Goose Phase II report is a follow-up to an October
report by the same group of security researchers on the Georgian cyber war.
http://axisglobe.com/article.asp?article=1784
Yahoo! Groups Links
To visit group on the web, go to:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/chechnya-sl/
I missed him, they took him off the air here and put an___ on that I won’t listen to.
Rush was good this morning.
Thanks for the tip on Neal, will try him some other morning.
LOL, I don’t know what gas costs here, now.
Yes I try listen to Neil until it warms up enough to go outside.. Rush is on here from noon til 3 , mid morning out there i guess ..
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/default.stm
Sir Fred Goodwin’s home attacked
The Edinburgh home of former Royal Bank of Scotland boss Sir Fred Goodwin has been attacked by vandals.
Windows were smashed and a Mercedes S600 car parked in the driveway was vandalised.
A group angry at bank executives’ pay contacted a newspaper claiming to be behind the early morning attack.
Police said they were investigating these claims as part of their inquiry, adding that they took planned attacks “very seriously”.
There has been widespread public and political anger over a pension payout worth about £700,000 a year to the 50-year-old former chief executive.
Sir Fred took early retirement from RBS last year after the bank needed a £20bn bailout from the government.
Last month, RBS reported that it made a loss of £24.1bn in 2008 - the largest annual loss in UK corporate history.
snipped
A statement was issued to Edinburgh’s Evening News newspaper on Wednesday morning by a group which claimed it was behind the attack.
It said: “We are angry that rich people, like him, are paying themselves a huge amount of money, and living in luxury, while ordinary people are made unemployed, destitute and homeless.
“This is a crime. Bank bosses should be jailed. This is just the beginning.”
continued.
Bees and ants ‘operate in teams’
Bees and ants are true team players unlike other creatures who seek safety in numbers for selfish reasons, according to researchers.
Scientists from Edinburgh and Oxford Universities used mathematical models to study “swarm behaviour”.
They found that bison or fish want to get to the centre of large groups to keep themselves safe from predators.
Ants and bees worked together as a single unit, and were prepared to die for the greater good of the colony.
The study’s findings appear to echo the insect worlds portrayed in the animated films Antz and Bee Movie, in which the characters live in rigidly conformist societies.
“ In a beehive, the workers are happy to help the community, even to die, because the queen carries and passes on their genes ”
Dr Andy Gardner
In some co-operative groups of animals - known as superorganisms - members are closely related, and work together to ensure their shared genetic material is passed on, the researchers concluded.
In other groups they perform a policing role, for instance in honey bee hives where worker bees destroy any eggs not laid by the queen to ensure the queen’s offspring survive.
Dr Andy Gardner, from the University of Edinburgh, said: “We often see animals appearing to move in unison, such as bison or fish.
“However, what looks like a team effort is in fact each animal jostling to get to the middle of the group to evade predators.
“By contrast, an ant nest or a beehive can behave as a united organism in its own right. In a beehive, the workers are happy to help the community, even to die, because the queen carries and passes on their genes.
“However, superorganisms are quite rare, and only exist when the internal conflict within a social group is suppressed - so we cannot use this term, for example, to describe human societies.”
The findings, funded by the Royal Society, are published in the Journal of Evolutionary Biology.
Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/7957834.stm
Published: 2009/03/23 00:06:01 GMT
© BBC MMIX
Chinese use pills to curb gerbils
Chinese authorities are using contraceptive pills to cut down the number of gerbils in a north-western province plagued by the rodents.
Forestry officials are leaving pills by the gerbils’ burrows to try to cut back the rodents’ exploding numbers.
The gerbils, officials say, are threatening the fragile desert ecosystem in the vast Xinjiang region.
Their burrowing in the Gurbantunggut Desert damages roots of the few plants that thrive there, officials say.
Authorities are using the pellets - which prevent females getting pregnant and cause abortion in those already pregnant - disguised as bran feed, the state news agency Xinhua said.
“ It’s a good way to tackle the desert rat plague ”
Du Yuefei forestry official
Use of the contraceptive pills is deemed to be more humane than killing the rodents and, according to officials, have little effect on other animals.
“It’s a good way to tackle the desert rat plague,” local forestry official Du Yuefei said.
More than 180kg (400 lb) of the tainted feed has so far been spread across an area of about 49,000 hectares in the arid region.
Officials had previously installed hundreds of perches for the gerbils’ natural predators - eagles and owls - but the move failed to halt the rodents’ rising numbers.
The scheme has already caused a slight drop in gerbil numbers, Mr Du said, with 11 gerbils caught in every 100 traps laid out for them. Previously an average of 12 were caught in the traps, the AP news agency reports.
If it continues to be successful, other regions in an increasingly arid China may adopt the scheme.
Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/asia-pacific/7963836.stm
Published: 2009/03/25 16:21:31 GMT
© BBC MMIX
{I couldn’t help thinking “the communist way, cure any problem with an abortion!!!
Sorry, plain old murder suits me fine, or is it that I am surprised they have not caught and shipped them to us for pets....
granny}
In This Issue:
1. ) Publishers Desk For March 25th
2. ) News From The Home Office: Snow-Capped Mountains...
and a Water Park?!
3. ) AngelaHoy.com: “BEST PRACTICES” FOR THE POD INDUSTRY - Part I
4. ) Letters To The Editor: What Recession?! - Part II
5. ) Feature Article: Use Your Day Job to Break into Trade Journals
By Diane Stark
6. ) Ask The Expert: Ask the Expert will return next week.
7. ) Success Story: It Never Hurts to Ask By Lisa Tiffin
8. ) Whispers And Warnings For March 25th
9. ) Paying Markets And Jobs For March 25th
10. ) FreeBookExcerpts.com For March 25th
11. ) Interview Requests For March 25th
For easier clicking, read this issue online at:
http://www.writersweekly.com/
Back issues:
http://www.writersweekly.com/backissues.html
[Note check #9, several subjects and areas all over the country....
I have read this list about 10 years, for the fun of it.
granny]
Sustainable Agriculture News Briefs - March 25, 2009
Weekly sustainable agriculture news and resources gleaned from the Internet by NCAT staff for the ATTRA - National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service Web site. The Weekly Harvest Newsletter is also available online (http://attra.ncat.org/newsletter/archives.html#wh).
Share The Harvest: Please forward this newsletter to friends and colleagues who might be interested in the latest sustainable agriculture news, funding opportunities, and events.
News & Resources
* Fishermen Create Seafood CSA
* Researchers Evaluate No-till Production for Carbon Sequestration
* Online Training for Food Safety and Marketing of Local Foods
* New Meat Marketing Resources Available
* Video Series to Help Beginning Farmers
* Researchers Study Biomass Crops
Funding Opportunities
* New Ranch Network Grant
* Pennsylvania Dairy Business Budgeting Grant
* Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program
Coming Events
* Hydroponic Growers Conference
* Eat Local Expo
* Illinois Farmers’ Market Conference
News & Resources
Fishermen Create Seafood CSA
http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/food/articles/2009/03/18/economy_of_scales/?page=full
Fishermen in Maine have created Port Clyde Fresh Catch, which is a community-supported fishery (CSF). The Boston Globe reports participants sign up, pay a lump sum for the season, then receive a weekly share of seafood caught by the members of the Midcoast Fishermen’s Cooperative. CSFs work in much the same way for fishermen as CSAs (community-supported agriculture) do for farmers, with many of the same benefits. Consumers get the freshest local food, and the money goes straight to producers, with no middleman.
Related ATTRA Publication: Community Supported Agriculture
http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/csa.html
Researchers Evaluate No-till Production for Carbon Sequestration
http://www.extension.org/pages/No-Till_Works,_But_Not_Always_Applicable_for_Storing_Carbon
No-till is recognized globally as an ideal means of conserving soil and water while also storing soil carbon, but the agricultural practice may not be applicable under all environmental conditions. Ohio State University soil scientists measured carbon levels in no-till fields throughout seven states and found that soil texture, moisture, temperature, and terrain parameters affected the amount of carbon stored on the soil surface. ‘The message here is that no-till is not applicable everywhere as a means of practicing carbon sequestration. There are situations where other carbon sequestration methods would be more effective,’ said Rattan Lal, a soil scientist with Ohio State’s Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center.
Related ATTRA Publication: Agriculture, Climate Change and Carbon Sequestration
http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/PDF/carbonsequestration.pdf
Online Training For Food Safety and Marketing of Local Foods
http://www.extension.org/pages/Local_Foods:_Food_Safety_and_Marketing_Strategies
A South Dakota Cooperative Extension Service Web site offers online training (http://extfcs.sdstate.edu/foodsafetysite/onLineTraining/) in food safety and marketing strategies for foods that are grown and marketed locally. The training is a self-paced study that provides content along with follow-up questions to assess what participants have learned. One module addresses critical safe food handling practices from planting to market, and the other concentrates on the organization of a farmers’ market. Anyone interested in learning more about safely growing, producing and harvesting fruits and vegetables and organizing local farmers’ markets can benefit from the information.
New Meat Marketing Resources Available
http://www.smallfarms.cornell.edu/pages/projects/workteams/LP/livestock.cfm
The New York Small Farms Livestock Processing Work Team announced two new publications. ‘Meat and Poultry at the Market: What a Farmers’ Market Manager Needs to Know’ and ‘Meat and Poultry at the Market: What a Farmer Needs to Know’ cover many specific details on what is required of farmers in order to sell at the farmers’ market.
Video Series to Help Beginning Farmers
http://www.nybeginningfarmers.org/
The New York Beginning Farmer Project, led by a team of Cornell Cooperative Extension Educators in partnership with the Cornell Small Farms Program has released a new video series. The ‘Voices of Experience’ (http://www.nybeginningfarmers.org/index.php?page=goodadvice) series features experienced farmers and their advice to beginning farmers. Topics covered include setting goals, choosing an enterprise, and profitability.
Researchers Study Biomass Crops
http://www.illinoisagconnection.com/story-state.php?Id=246&yr=2009
On the University of Illinois South Farms, 320 acres are devoted to the largest biofuels research farm in the U.S., growing crops that could be used to produce renewable energy. Last year the farm planted miscanthus, switchgrass, corn, and restored prairie as bioenergy crops. The goal is to compare insect and disease challenges, environmental benefits, economic opportunities and potential energy per acre of each. Long term, the Energy Farm will conduct research projects on many more potential biofuel crops, reports Illinois Ag Connection.
Related ATTRA Publication: Switchgrass as a Bioenergy Crop
http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/switchgrass.html
More Breaking News (http://attra.ncat.org/news/)
Funding Opportunities
New Ranch Network Grant
http://newranch.net/NRN_Small_Grants/index.html
The New Ranch Network Small Grants Program provides assistance to landowners, associations and communities in making changes through collaboration. The project or activity must involve Forest Service permittees or Forest Service lands, or involve water related projects east of the Rio Grande in NM or TX. Grants range in size from $1,000 to $5,000.
Pennsylvania Dairy Business Budgeting Grant
http://www.centerfordairyexcellence.org/index.php/business-budgeting-grants.html
To assist dairy farms struggling to manage cash flow in a cash-negative milk sales environment, the Center for Dairy Excellence is offering forty $1,500 “Cash Projection and Business Budgeting” grants. The grants were made available as an initiative of the Pennsylvania Dairy Task Force’s Business Management Committee. Any Pennsylvania dairy farm that is not already doing comprehensive cash projection and business budgeting can apply to receive the grants.
Proposals are due May 1, 2009.
Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program
http://www.csrees.usda.gov/fo/beginningfarmerandrancher.cfm
The Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program (BFRDP) provides resources to support the development of education, outreach, curricula, workshops, educational teams, training, and technical assistance programs to assist beginning farmers and ranchers in the United States and its territories in entering, establishing, building and managing successful farm and ranch enterprises. This program will also provide a cooperative agreement to an online electronic and library clearinghouse to provide associated support to individually funded projects, educational enhancement projects and the overall BFRDP program.
Proposals are due May 13, 2009.
More Funding Opportunities (http://attra.ncat.org/funding/)
Coming Events
Hydroponic Grower’s Conference
http://www.cropking.com/conference.shtml
April 2-4, 2009
Dover, Delaware
Through a series of specifically-focused seminar tracks, this 25th anniversary conference will present the information that you need, no matter where you are on the growing learning curve. This Conference is designed to present you with new technology, as well as acquaint you with the fundamental basics of controlled environmental growing.
Eat Local Expo
http://www.kcfoodcircle.org/events/
April 4, 2009
Independence, Missouri
Kansas City Food Circle presents its 11th annual exhibition of farmers. The event, which is being held in two different locations on consecutive weeks, includes a free workshop on how to buy local, and the opportunity to enroll in CSA programs and buy local produce, meat, eggs and garden seedlings.
Illinois Farmers’ Market Conference
http://www.agr.state.il.us/marketing/reservations/
March 31, April 7, & April 9, 2009
Springfield, Mt. Vernon & Sycamore, Illinois
A series of three meetings are being offered to individuals involved with specialty crop production and farmers’ markets. Topics will include market issues and resources for market managers and vendors.
More Events (http://attra.ncat.org/calendar/)
New & Updated Publications
Agriculture, Climate Change and Carbon Sequestration
http://attra.ncat.org/calendar/new_pubs.php/2009/01/27/agriculture_climate_change_and_carbon_se
Equipo para Producción Aviar Alternativa
http://attra.ncat.org/calendar/new_pubs.php/2009/01/09/equipo_para_produccion_aviar_alternativa
Organic Poultry Production in the United States
http://attra.ncat.org/calendar/new_pubs.php/2008/12/31/organic_poultry_production_in_the_united
Question of the Week
What are some resources for spelt production?
http://attra.ncat.org/calendar/question.php/2009/03/23/what_are_some_resources_for_spelt_produc
Website of the Week
Farm Aid’s Farmer Resource Network Web
http://attra.ncat.org/wow/
Ask a Sustainable Agriculture Expert
Submit questions to our professional staff online
http://attra.ncat.org/ask.php
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Copyright 2009 NCAT
EARLY BLIGHT, POTATO - CANADA: NEW STRAINS
******************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
Date: Tue 17 Mar 2009
Source: Manitoba Co-operator [edited]
http://www.manitobacooperator.ca/issues/ISArticle.asp?id=97433&PC=FBC&issue=03172009
Potato blight develops fungicide resistance
“Initial results confirm that mutant strains are widespread in
Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario, which is not surprising given the
widespread distribution of mutants in the United States,” said Rick
Peters, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. “To date, PEI is the only
area that we’ve surveyed where all samples were still sensitive to
strobilurins, likely due to the less frequent use of strobilurins in
this province.”
“We’re putting our heads in the sand if we ignore this growing
issue,” said potato pest specialist Tracy Shinners-Carnelley of
Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives. “When the risk for
early blight is high, use the available tools appropriately in a
planned program. And if strobilurins are part of that program, they
must be tank mixed with a protectant fungicide.”
—
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
promed@promedmail.org
[Early blight of potato and tomato is caused by the fungus
_Alternaria solani_. It causes leaf spots and tuber blight on potato,
and leaf spots, fruit rot, and stem lesions on tomato. The disease
can occur over a wide range of climatic conditions and can result in
complete defoliation and severe yield losses. The pathogen often
causes no visible symptoms until plants approach maturity. It is
spread with infected plant material (including tubers, transplants
and seed), by mechanical means, wind, and rain. Solanaceous weeds and
volunteer crop plants may serve as pathogen reservoirs. Disease
management includes use of certified clean propagation material,
fungicides, crop rotation, and use of cultivars with reduced
susceptibility.
Strobilurins are strongly antifungal agents produced by fungi. Being
derived from natural products, strobilurins are considered
environmentally safe. Like several other fungicide classes, they have
single-site activity and therefore pathogens must be expected to
develop resistance or tolerance over time.
The finding that many strains of _A. solani_ with increased tolerance
levels to this important group of fungal control agents have emerged
is of major concern to potato and tomato industries worldwide.
Furthermore, it highlights the importance of rotating or mixing
chemical classes for management of all fungal pathogens, as suggested
above, to reduce the risk of resistant strains emerging.
Maps
Canada:
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/canada_pol_1986.gif and
http://healthmap.org/promed/en?v=55.4,-101.9,4
Pictures of early blight
On potato leaf:
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/hortcrop/pp1084-4.gif
On potato tubers:
On tomato fruit:
Links
Early blight fact sheets (with pictures):
http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/factsheets/Potato_EarlyBlt.htm
http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-1052/ANR-1052.pdf
http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/3000/3101.html and
http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/gudmesta/lateblight/basic_frame3.htm
Management of potato diseases including early blight:
http://archives.eppo.org/EPPOStandards/PP2_GPP/pp2-02-e.doc
_A. solani_ taxonomy:
http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=444460
Information on strobilurins:
http://www.answers.com/topic/strobilurin
http://grounds-mag.com/mag/grounds_maintenance_strobilurin_fungicides_natures/index.html
and
http://www.ibwf.de/ibwf_his&act_en.htm
- Mod.DHA]
[see also:
Blight & undiagnosed disease, potato, chilli - Bhutan 20090211.0612
Leaf blight, potato - Bangladesh: (KH) 20090121.0255
2008
HEPTACHLOR CONTAMINATION, FRUIT - CHINA
***************************************
A ProMED-mail post
http://www.promedmail.org
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
http://www.isid.org
Date: Mon 23 Mar 2009
Source: FreshPlaza, Central Asian News report [edited]
http://www.freshplaza.com/news_detail.asp?id=40487
Kazakh Ministry of Agriculture: Chinese fruits contain heptachlor
The ministry ordered state inspectors to tighten phytosanitary
quarantine control over Chinese products, to take action in order to
secure the Kazakh market from such products.
The reason for such measures is detection of heptachlor, a health
damaging pesticide, in fruits such as lemons, mandarins, nuts, and
oranges imported from China. This pesticide is used in agriculture
for insect pest control and can cause serious damage to human health.
Heptachlor is a manufactured chemical and doesn’t occur naturally.
Heptachlor was used extensively in the past for killing insects in
homes, buildings, and on food crops. These uses stopped in 1988.
Currently it can only be used for fire ant control in underground
power transformers. Products with heptachlor should be destroyed.
Maral Rakhimzhanova, expert of Sanitary and Epidemiological
Inspection of Ministry of Health of Kazakhstan, said: “Last year
[2008], when heptachlor was detected in Chinese fruits, they were
sent to Health Inspection Services, which confirmed the fact. All
regions were required to check all production coming from China.
Chief sanitary officer sent a letter to all regions with request to
forbid import of Chinese fruits, and 25 tons of Chinese fruits were
sent back to China.”
—
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Susan Baekeland
[Heptachlor is an insecticide similar to chlordane. However there is
no reliable information on human exposure. In animals there is
evidence of liver damage, hyperexcitability, and fertility decreases.
Lifetime exposures and very high levels have shown liver failure in
animals, but similar evidence does not exist in humans. - Mod.TG]
........................................tg/mj/jw
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