Posted on 12/29/2021 5:57:37 AM PST by Red Badger
A summary of decades of research on a rather 'out-there' idea involving viruses from space raises questions on just how scientific we can be when it comes to speculating on the history of life on Earth.
It's easy to throw around words like crackpot, rogue, and maverick in describing the scientific fringe, but then papers like this one, from 2018, come along and leave us blinking owlishly, unsure of where to even begin.
A total of 33 names were listed as authors on this review, which was published by Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology back in August 2018. The journal is peer reviewed and fairly well cited. So it's not exactly small, or a niche pay-for-publish source.
Science writer Stephen Fleischfresser goes into depth on the background of two of the better known scientists involved: Edward Steele and Chandra Wickramasinghe. It's well worth a read.
For a tl;dr version, Steele is an immunologist who has a fringe reputation for his views on evolution that relies on acquiring gene changes determined by the influence of the environment rather than random mutations, in what he calls meta-Lamarckism.
Wickramasinghe, on the other hand, has had a somewhat less controversial career, recognized for empirically confirming Sir Fred Hoyle's hypothesis describing the production of complex carbon molecules on interstellar dust.
Wickramasinghe and Hoyle also happened to be responsible for another space biology thesis. Only this one is based on more than just the origins of organic chemistry.
The Hoyle Wickramasinghe (H-W) thesis of Cometary (Cosmic) Biology makes the rather simple claim that the direction of evolution has been significantly affected by biochemistry that didn't start on our planet.
In Wickramasinghe's own words, "Comets are the carriers and distributors of life in the cosmos, and life on Earth arose and developed as a result of cometary inputs."
Those inputs, Wickramasinghe argued, aren't limited to a generous sprinkling of space-baked amino acids, either.
Rather, they include viruses that insert themselves into organisms, pushing their evolution into whole new directions.
The report, titled "Cause of Cambrian Explosion – Terrestrial or Cosmic?", pulls on existing research to conclude that a rain of extra-terrestrial retroviruses played a key role in the diversification of life in our oceans roughly half a billion years ago.
"Thus retroviruses and other viruses hypothesized to be liberated in cometary debris trails both can potentially add new DNA sequences to terrestrial genomes and drive further mutagenic change within somatic and germline genomes," the authors wrote.
Let that sink in for a moment. And take a deep breath before continuing, because that was the tame part.
It was during this period that a group of mollusks known as cephalopods first stretched out their tentacles from beneath their shells, branching into a stunning array of sizes and shapes in what seemed like a remarkably short time frame.
The genetics of these organisms, which today include octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish, are as weird as the animals themselves, due in part to their ability to edit their DNA on the fly.
The authors of the paper make the rather audacious claim that these genetic oddities might be a sign of life from space.
Not of space viruses this time, but the arrival of whole genomes frozen in stasis before thawing out in our tepid waters.
"Thus the possibility that cryopreserved squid and/or octopus eggs, arrived in icy bolides several hundred million years ago should not be discounted," they wrote.
In his review of the paper, medical researcher Keith Baverstock from the University of Eastern Finland conceded that there's a lot of evidence that plausibly aligns with the H-W thesis, such as the curious timeline of the appearance of viruses.
But that's just not how science advances.
"I believe this paper justifies skepticism of the scientific value of stand alone theories of the origin of life," Baverstock argued at the time.
"The weight of plausible, but non-definitive, evidence, great though that might be, is not the point."
While the idea is as novel and exciting as it is provocative, nothing in the summary helps us better understand the history of life on Earth any better than existing conjectures, adding little of value to our model of evolution.
Still, with solid caveats in place, maybe science can cope with a generous dose of crazy every now and then.
Journal editor Denis Noble concedes that 'further research is needed', which is a bit of an understatement.
But given the developments regarding space-based organic chemistry in recent years, there's room for discussion.
"As space chemistry and biology grows in importance it is appropriate for a journal devoted to the interface between physics and biology to encourage the debates," said Noble.
"In the future, the ideas will surely become testable."
Just in case those tests confirm speculations, we recommend being well prepared for the return of our cephalopod overlords. Who knows when they'll want those eggs back?
This research was published in Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology.
A version of this article was first published in August 2018.
LOL!
Yeah, that is somehow quite fitting! :o])
It might be best if you didn’t try. I don’t know the last time you checked on the lunchmeat, but it had a bit of an attitude.
Hiya!
How are things in your neck of the woods? Are all your critters doing OK?
Yep, that looks like T-c, alright! Loaded and ready for anything that comes her way!
Seeing it, knowing what’s coming, watching fellow citizenry scoff while they form the beginnings of soviet bread lines...
My dad could be quite loud about things.
He would have gone ballistic.
I’ve had to learn to be stealthy, had too many real life people prove they’d happily sell their family and children for a head pat.
That seems to be the case these days. Selling their souls for a mess of pottage.
And its getting worse, not better.
Simpals has made some great animated short films.
“Death Sails” — Death vs. the pirate — is an absolute panic.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBmlLKzMA_s
The older “Death Fails” — Death vs. Trucker — is likewise hilarious.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1bbN08o6Y4
They’re a really creative bunch.
It wasn’t the lunchmeat; it was Darks’ refrigerator. That thing’s attitude is even worse than the toaster’s.
PTL, the critters all seem to be doing fine! How’re things coming along in your new digs? Is the climate agreeable?
Very funny!! Thanks!
I had to subscribe to those, just because of your twisted sense of humor. (MY kinda guy!)
Your dad was one of the kindest, most knowledgeable and most considerate people I’ve ever encountered. I still miss him.
Thanks. Having lived (by turns) in SD, IL, MO, TX and now AR, the climate is about what I expected — colder than I thought it would be, but still not too disagreeable. The humidity will come in the warmer months, but as long as I have A/C, I can live with it.
The major factor for the move was to be close to my Favorite Son, and as the crow flies, that’s about a mile. I’ve found the people to be unfailingly polite and mostly just genuinely kind, so that makes it easier.
Getting the kinks out of the apartment may take some doing, but I won’t be moving again any time soon, so it will come together, eventually.
SG, those of us who knew him will always miss him, I think.
Darks, I’ve run across a lot of reminders of him since my move and they all make me sad for his loss but happy for the good memories.
Glad you enjoyed that.
There’s SO much worthless dreck out there I try to share good stuff when I find it.
THIS looks like a fun little gadget:
https://www.walmart.com/ip/Ideas-Typewriter-Building-Kit-2-079-Pieces/212630672
It’s such a blessing to live among kind, easygoing people.
I typed 60wpm until they subtracted for errors....
O! Me. Want! How fun!!
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