Explore further: Dark matter clusters could reveal nature of dark energyPosted on 12/05/2018 9:02:07 AM PST by ETL
Scientists at the University of Oxford may have solved one of the biggest questions in modern physics, with a new paper unifying dark matter and dark energy into a single phenomenon: a fluid which possesses 'negative mass." If you were to push a negative mass, it would accelerate towards you. This astonishing new theory may also prove right a prediction that Einstein made 100 years ago.
Our current, widely recognised model of the Universe, called LambdaCDM, tells us nothing about what dark matter and dark energy are like physically. We only know about them because of the gravitational effects they have on other, observable matter.
This new model, published today in Astronomy and Astrophysics, by Dr. Jamie Farnes from the Oxford e-Research Centre, Department of Engineering Science, offers a new explanation. Dr. Farnes says: "We now think that both dark matter and dark energy can be unified into a fluid which possesses a type of 'negative gravity," repelling all other material around them. Although this matter is peculiar to us, it suggests that our cosmos is symmetrical in both positive and negative qualities."
The existence of negative matter had previously been ruled out as it was thought this material would become less dense as the Universe expands, which runs contrary to our observations that show dark energy does not thin out over time. However, Dr. Farnes' research applies a 'creation tensor," which allows for negative masses to be continuously created. It demonstrates that when more and more negative masses are continually bursting into existence, this negative mass fluid does not dilute during the expansion of the cosmos. In fact, the fluid appears to be identical to dark energy.
Dr. Farnes's theory also provides the first correct predictions of the behaviour of dark matter halos. Most galaxies are rotating so rapidly they should be tearing themselves apart, which suggests that an invisible 'halo' of dark matter must be holding them together. The new research published today features a computer simulation of the properties of negative mass, which predicts the formation of dark matter halos just like the ones inferred by observations using modern radio telescopes.
Albert Einstein provided the first hint of the dark universe exactly 100 years ago, when he discovered a parameter in his equations known as the 'cosmological constant," which we now know to be synonymous with dark energy. Einstein famously called the cosmological constant his 'biggest blunder," although modern astrophysical observations prove that it is a real phenomenon. In notes dating back to 1918, Einstein described his cosmological constant, writing that 'a modification of the theory is required such that "empty space" takes the role of gravitating negative masses which are distributed all over the interstellar space." It is therefore possible that Einstein himself predicted a negative-mass-filled universe.
Dr. Farnes says: "Previous approaches to combining dark energy and dark matter have attempted to modify Einstein's theory of general relativity, which has turned out to be incredibly challenging. This new approach takes two old ideas that are known to be compatible with Einstein's theory—negative masses and matter creation—and combines them together.
"The outcome seems rather beautiful: dark energy and dark matter can be unified into a single substance, with both effects being simply explainable as positive mass matter surfing on a sea of negative masses."
Proof of Dr. Farnes's theory will come from tests performed with a cutting-edge radio telescope known as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), an international endeavour to build the world's largest telescope in which the University of Oxford is collaborating.
Dr. Farnes adds: "There are still many theoretical issues and computational simulations to work through, and LambdaCDM has a nearly 30 year head start, but I'm looking forward to seeing whether this new extended version of LambdaCDM can accurately match other observational evidence of our cosmology. If real, it would suggest that the missing 95% of the cosmos had an aesthetic solution: we had forgotten to include a simple minus sign."
Explore further: Dark matter clusters could reveal nature of dark energy
More information: J. S. Farnes. A unifying theory of dark energy and dark matter: Negative masses and matter creation within a modified LambdaCDM framework, Astronomy & Astrophysics (2018). DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201832898 , https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.07962
Bizarre 'dark fluid' with negative mass could dominate the universe – what my research suggests
Journal reference: Astronomy and Astrophysics 
Astronomy & Astrophysics
pure ad hoc fantasy...
Ordinary matter and energy are believe to be manifestations of each other. E=mc^2
“The main problem is that negative mass matter would be able to exceed the speed of light based on Einstein’s special relativity equations”
It doesn’t because the time vector is reversed as mentioned in an above comment. Like miles per (negative) second.
Zero mass particles such as photons and alleged "gravitons" travel precisely at the speed of light. But how do you figure that supposed "negative mass" particles would travel faster than light?
The astronomer got angry and told me they weren't going to throw away theories based on some isolated phenomenon.
In 1966, world renowned astronomer, Halton Arp, collected his observations of 338 such unusual galaxies in a book entitled, "Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies".
Most all of the galaxies presented in the book are of the type you describe.
In most cases, those galaxies and their conjoined companions were observed to have very different red shifts, which caused Arp to conclude that red shift is not an indicator of speed or distance, but an indicator of age.
Naturally, the astronomical community, which had already accepted the Big Bang theory as gospel, thoroughly rejected Arp's findings out of hand, and labeled him a kook heretic. They did so (and continue to do so) despite the clear associations between these objects and the wild variances in their red shifts.
In subsequent decades, thousands of such objects have been added to Arp's original catalog.
The ramifications of these observations can't be overstated. Arp essentially disproved the Big Bang theory.
That probably explains the apoplexy of the astronomer I asked. Thanks for the info.
That may be so, but the article is about cosmologists' efforts to unify so-called 'dark matter' and 'dark energy' into a single something.
I see it as just another attempt to force reality to bend around their ad hoc poppycock theories.
That may be so, but the article is about cosmologists' efforts to unify so-called 'dark matter' and 'dark energy' into a single something.
"Mass-energy equivalence states that mass is concentrated energy. In his theory of special relativity Einstein formulated the equation E=mc^2. There is a tremendous amount of energy in mass. A 20g marble contains as much energy as a 500 kiloton hydrogen bomb, but this energy is very difficult to release. It can be released through matter-antimatter annihilation, when matter and antimatter come together. Nuclear reactions can be understood to release so much more energy than chemical reactions because of the mass changes."
https://www.brightstorm.com/science/physics/nuclear-physics/mass-energy-equivalence/
mark
If you wof water!of ant on or off the Electric Universe Ping List, Freepmail me.
IMHO, there are a number of intellectual hurdles to be overcome at even the most basic elements of quantum theory to properly identify observed phenomenon.
Too many conclusions of present physical interpretations are premised upon the mathematical tools used to stipulatively describe observations in the past, with present conclusions circular reasoned back to the original premise.
Harlton Arp — ‘Seeing Red’ an astronomer’s treatise on quantum red shift and red shift not being related to distance.
Summary - Alignments, Quasars, BL Lac's and Galaxy Clusters1) Objects which appear young are aligned on either side of eruptive objects. This implies ejection of protogalaxies.
2) The youngest objects appear to have the highest redshifts. This implies that intrinsic redshift decreases as the object ages.
3) As distance from the ejecting central object increases, the quasars increase in brightness and decrease in redshift. This implies that the ejected objects evolve as they travel outward.
4) At about z= .3 and about 400 kpc from that parent galaxy the quasars appear to become very bright in optical and X-ray luminosity. This implies there is a transition to BL Lac Objects.
5) Few BL Lac objects are observed implying this phase is short-lived.
6) Clusters of galaxies, many of which are strong X-ray sources, end to appear at comparable distances to the BL Lac's from the parent galaxy. This suggests the clusters may be a result of the breaking up of a BL Lac.
7) Clusters of galaxies in the range z= .4 to .2 contain blue, active galaxies. It is implied that they continue to evolve to higher luminosity and lower redshift.
8) Abell clusters from z= .01 to .2 lie along ejection lines from galaxies like CenA. Presumably they are evolved products of the ejections.
9) The strings of galaxies which are aligned through the brightest nearby spirals have redshifts z= .01 to .02. Presumably they are the last evolutionary stage of the ejected protogalaxies before they become slightly higher redshift companions of the original ejecting galaxies. (p166-7)Quantization of Redshifts
The fact that measured values of redshift do not vary continuously but come in steps- certain preferred values- is so unexpected that conventional astronomy has never been able to accept it, in spite of the overwhelming observational evidence. Their problem is simply that if redshifts measure radial components of velocities, then galaxy velocities can be pointed at any angle to us, hence their redshifts must be continuously distributed. For supposed recession velocities of quasars, to measure equal steps in all directions in the sky means we are at the center of a series of explosions. This is an anti-Copernican embarrassment. So a simple glance at the evidence discussed in this Chapter shows that extragalactic astronomy and Big Bang theory is swept away. (p195)
On the theoretical front it has become more persuasive that particle masses determine intrinsic redshifts and that these change with cosmic age. Therefore episodic creation of matter will imprint redshift steps on objects created at different epochs. In addition it appears increasingly useful to view particle masses to be communicated by wave like carriers in a Machian universe. Therefore the possibility of beat frequencies, harmonics, interference and evolution through resonant states is opened up. (p195)
My attitude toward this result is that in a Machian universe there must be some signal carrier for inertial mass coming from distant galaxies. (p202)
In the phenomena of quantization, we have a connection from the redshifts of the quasars, to the redshifts of the galaxies, to the properties of the solar system and finally to the properties of fundamental particles like the electrons. The quantization of physical parameters would seem to be governed by the laws of non-local physics, i.e. like quantum mechanics in which the fundamental parameter appears to be time- for example the repetition rate of a spinning electron. It is clear that we are not running out of problems to solve. In fact, contrary to some rumors that we are reaching an end to physics, the more we learn the more primitive our previous understanding appears, and the more challenging the problems become. (p223)
Thanks. I just put a couple of Arp’s
books on my Amazon wish list for Xmas.
Logic chain. . .
Space cannot be seen.
If space cannot be seen, it must be made up of invisible things.
Things that disappear can no longer be seen . . .
Things that can no longer be seen are therefore invisible.
Left socks from a pair of socks disappear.
Left socks can no longer be seen and are therefore invisible.
Left socks like all socks are made of fabric.
Ergo, space is made of disappeared, invisible, fabric left socks.
Space is fabric. Tada! QED.
Modern cosmology went off the rails when it abandoned classical physics, in favor of pure mathematics. Their current working models of the universe are a dismal failure, as they do not predict or adequately explain observed phenomena.
When the models fail, they don't apply the scientific method to discover why. They merely invent ever weirder goblins to patch over the shortcomings of their basic theories.
The theory simply CAN'T be wrong, so reality must be something different than what we plainly see.
I know. But if ordinary matter and energy are basically one and the same, it makes sense that the other two might also be. And they are attempting here to somehow connect these other two.
This theory is useless. It doesn’t bolster man-made global warming.
Give them time. They’ll figure out a way.
It’s not made of time.
It is constructed to be a container for time.
Time exists inside of it.
What science needs particularly in physics is less theories and more empirical evidence of a kind I surmise will not be seen for generations yet to come, when humans are actually, personally, exploring a universe they now only observe at the most remote distances, and even then translating the meanings of what is observed based on our kindergaten of understanding.
We observe something, which we don’t quite understand, so we develop a theory to explain it, and theory correct or not it continues to be the explanation for what is observed. Of course the observations match the theory - the theory was made for the observation. It’s what I call the circular logic of modern physics.
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