When George W. Bush, in one of the most memorable lines of his acceptance speech, said that "Times of plenty...challenge American character," he was paraphrasing Alexis de Tocqueville, the most brilliant analyst of American democracy and American character. Indeed, for Tocqueville, the pursuit of personal wealth was the fundamental challenge to our utterly unique dynamic, creative and egalitarian character, for, unless it were tempered by religious faith, and unless we were reminded to devote a significant amount of our passion and energy to advancing the common good, the madcap quest for riches threatened American liberty. Our rulers offer us a ...