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| 0:00 | · | my viewers are most likely familiar with |
| 0:02 | · | the story of Robin Hood and in most |
| 0:04 | · | modern tellings of the story King |
| 0:06 | · | Richard I the Lionhe Heart is a hero of |
| 0:08 | · | the story who upon returning from the |
| 0:10 | · | Crusades puts an end to the deprivations |
| 0:12 | · | of his rapacious brother John some even |
| 0:15 | · | add the detail that Richard was being |
| 0:17 | · | held for ransom and John in various ways |
| 0:19 | · | is trying to prevent the payment of that |
| 0:20 | · | ransom in order to remain king like all |
| 0:23 | · | legends the story is a mix of some |
| 0:25 | · | historical fact and an awful lot of |
| 0:27 | · | fiction but one thing is often left out |
| 0:29 | · | of the story that one of the reasons |
| 0:31 | · | that Richard was being held for ransom |
| 0:33 | · | had to do with the murder of another |
| 0:35 | · | king we don't know all that much about |
| 0:39 | · | Conrad of Mulerat we just know that his |
| 0:41 | · | death came by murder most foul it is a |
| 0:46 | · | medieval murder mystery that deserves to |
| 0:50 | · | be remembered |
| 0:51 | · | [Music] |
| 0:55 | · | jerusalem is an ancient city with |
| 0:57 | · | evidence of settlement at least as far |
| 0:59 | · | back as 5,000 years the fertile area at |
| 1:02 | · | the crossroads of the Mediterranean has |
| 1:04 | · | been held and conquered many times and |
| 1:06 | · | the walled city besieged by numerous |
| 1:08 | · | empires the city first came under Muslim |
| 1:10 | · | rule after it was taken by the first |
| 1:11 | · | caliphate from the Byzantines in 637 or |
| 1:14 | · | 638 reported threats to Christian |
| 1:17 | · | pilgrims by the Seljuk Empire in the |
| 1:19 | · | 11th century resulted in the first |
| 1:21 | · | crusade a religious war initiated by |
| 1:23 | · | Pope Urban II to retake the Holy Land |
| 1:26 | · | jerusalem was taken by siege by the |
| 1:28 | · | armies of the first crusade from the |
| 1:30 | · | Fatimid Caliphate in 1099 leading to the |
| 1:33 | · | slaughter of the city's Muslim and |
| 1:35 | · | Jewish inhabitants in creating the |
| 1:36 | · | Christian kingdom of Jerusalem a leader |
| 1:39 | · | in the crusade Godfrey Bulon was made |
| 1:41 | · | leader of the city although he did not |
| 1:43 | · | choose the title king |
| 1:45 | · | godfrey died only a year later in 1100 |
| 1:47 | · | by some accounts of sickness and by |
| 1:49 | · | another falling in battle he died |
| 1:51 | · | without an error and was replaced by his |
| 1:53 | · | brother Baldwin who was the first leader |
| 1:55 | · | of the kingdom to use the title king |
| 1:57 | · | thereafter the succession was decided by |
| 1:59 | · | a group called the high court of |
| 2:00 | · | Jerusalem a council of leading lords |
| 2:03 | · | although the council tended to favor |
| 2:04 | · | blood relatives of the previous king |
| 2:06 | · | thus rulership was somewhat hereditary |
| 2:09 | · | conflict with the Muslim world continued |
| 2:11 | · | although alliances often shifted and |
| 2:12 | · | various crusader factions sometimes |
| 2:14 | · | allied with different Muslim factions |
| 2:16 | · | the crusader orders the Knights |
| 2:17 | · | Hospitalpiter and the Knights Templar |
| 2:19 | · | formed to defend the kingdom and protect |
| 2:21 | · | pilgrims with the aid of Europe the |
| 2:23 | · | kingdom grew notably capturing the |
| 2:24 | · | ancient city of Ty in |
| 2:26 | · | 1124 there was also internal conflict as |
| 2:29 | · | the kingdom still depended upon support |
| 2:31 | · | from Europe and different factions vied |
| 2:33 | · | for control |
| 2:34 | · | baldwin I died without an heir and was |
| 2:37 | · | replaced by his cousin Baldwin |
| 2:39 | · | II baldwin II died without a son and so |
| 2:42 | · | left the throne to his daughter |
| 2:43 | · | Melisende who married a French count |
| 2:45 | · | named Folk making him king the |
| 2:48 | · | imposition of a foreign king brought |
| 2:49 | · | revolt among the native crusader nobles |
| 2:52 | · | moreover Folk was Count of Anjhu the |
| 2:54 | · | grandfather of the future King Henry II |
| 2:56 | · | of England thus tying the kingdom to the |
| 2:58 | · | Ajan dynasty the kingdom faced a |
| 3:01 | · | succession crisis during the reign of |
| 3:02 | · | Baldwin IV Folk's grandchild crowned in |
| 3:05 | · | 1174 baldwin suffered from leprosy which |
| 3:08 | · | although not preventing him from ruling |
| 3:09 | · | and fighting did prevent him from |
| 3:11 | · | marrying or having children he spent |
| 3:13 | · | much of his reign trying to groom an |
| 3:15 | · | heir here the succession gets even more |
| 3:17 | · | confusing baldwin IV had two halfsisters |
| 3:20 | · | Zabilla and Isabella sabilla being the |
| 3:23 | · | oldest was made heir to the throne she |
| 3:25 | · | was wed to William of Monroat the |
| 3:28 | · | Marquez of Monroat were related to both |
| 3:30 | · | the kings of France and the Holy Roman |
| 3:32 | · | Empire they had a son also named Baldwin |
| 3:35 | · | but William died of a fever while Cibila |
| 3:37 | · | was still pregnant at just 20 years old |
| 3:40 | · | the princess was the key to the throne |
| 3:42 | · | machinations over who she would marry |
| 3:44 | · | began immediately the story is |
| 3:46 | · | unsurprisingly convoluted it was a quick |
| 3:49 | · | move to force her marriage to a |
| 3:50 | · | Jerusalem nobleman Baldwin of Ibin as |
| 3:54 | · | confusing as the number of Baldwins were |
| 3:56 | · | this was perceived as potential by |
| 3:58 | · | Baldwin IV as an attempted coup and |
| 4:00 | · | Sibila was quickly married to another |
| 4:02 | · | nobleman who had recently arrived in the |
| 4:03 | · | Holy Land the relatively unknown Gee of |
| 4:07 | · | Lusen however the contemporary chronicle |
| 4:09 | · | of Ernol suggests another simple |
| 4:11 | · | possibility possibly the young siblau |
| 4:14 | · | was simply seduced by Gee gee was of the |
| 4:17 | · | house of Luzen which was in Pchu part of |
| 4:20 | · | the Anjivven dynasty and vassals of the |
| 4:21 | · | king of England Henry II and then his |
| 4:24 | · | son Richard |
| 4:25 | · | I but Gee proved to be unpopular among |
| 4:28 | · | both the baronss of Jerusalem and the |
| 4:29 | · | kings of the other crusader states |
| 4:32 | · | fearing a crisis and with multiple |
| 4:33 | · | claimments to the throne the leper king |
| 4:35 | · | held a council and settled upon his |
| 4:37 | · | six-year-old nephew Baldwin son of |
| 4:39 | · | Sabilla and William baldwin was named |
| 4:42 | · | Baldwin V and made co-ruler of Jerusalem |
| 4:45 | · | when Baldwin IV died in 1185 Baldwin V |
| 4:48 | · | became king and Count Raymond of Tripoli |
| 4:50 | · | another crusader state was made regent |
| 4:53 | · | this was significant as historian Helena |
| 4:55 | · | Prader writes "The fact that Tripoli was |
| 4:57 | · | made regent with the consent of the high |
| 4:59 | · | court and the count of Adessa was made |
| 5:01 | · | the boy's guardian are both indications |
| 5:03 | · | of the intensity of the animosity and |
| 5:05 | · | suspicion the bishops and barums of |
| 5:07 | · | Jerusalem harbored for Guinon by his |
| 5:10 | · | time but the young king suffered from |
| 5:13 | · | ill health and died in 1186 rumors of |
| 5:15 | · | treachery were widespread but Cibila |
| 5:17 | · | acted quickly and claimed the throne her |
| 5:20 | · | husband was still unpopular and the |
| 5:21 | · | Jerusalem nobility only allowed her |
| 5:23 | · | ascension if she enold her marriage to |
| 5:24 | · | Gee a stipulation to which she agreed |
| 5:26 | · | only if she was allowed to marry the man |
| 5:28 | · | of her choice she dutifully enolled her |
| 5:30 | · | marriage ascended the throne and then |
| 5:32 | · | chose to remarry Gee the decision was so |
| 5:35 | · | reviled that the Latin patriarch of |
| 5:37 | · | Jerusalem refused to crown Gee sibla |
| 5:39 | · | chose to crown him herself despite |
| 5:41 | · | opposition from virtually everyone but |
| 5:43 | · | his apparently loyal wife and one |
| 5:45 | · | important noble Reod Shantion Lord of |
| 5:48 | · | the Fum of Ultra Jordan machinations had |
| 5:51 | · | made Gee of Luzinong king of Jerusalem |
| 5:53 | · | in 1186 it was a development that would |
| 5:56 | · | drastically affect the kingdom under |
| 5:58 | · | Baldwin IV and the Regency of Raymond an |
| 6:01 | · | uneasy peace had been held with the |
| 6:02 | · | Muslim Caliphates but Reol chose to |
| 6:05 | · | provoke war first by attempting a |
| 6:07 | · | disastrously failed attack on Mecca and |
| 6:09 | · | then by taking the sister of the great |
| 6:10 | · | Seljuk Turk general Saladine prisoner it |
| 6:14 | · | isn't clear what Gee's role was in these |
| 6:15 | · | decisions but he was at least unable to |
| 6:18 | · | reign Rainald in less than a year later |
| 6:21 | · | Gee would lead the crusader armies to a |
| 6:23 | · | devastating defeat at the July 1187 |
| 6:26 | · | Battle of Hatton again historians |
| 6:28 | · | disagree as to exactly how responsible |
| 6:30 | · | Gee was for the defeat while many |
| 6:33 | · | including Raymond of Tripoli argued that |
| 6:35 | · | he should seek peace and avoid |
| 6:36 | · | confrontation Gee sought battle possibly |
| 6:39 | · | because he was overconfident and |
| 6:40 | · | headstrong and possibly because he |
| 6:42 | · | didn't trust Raymond the crusader army |
| 6:44 | · | held a strong position at the village of |
| 6:46 | · | Seaporus where they had an ample water |
| 6:48 | · | supply yet Saladine managed to tempt Gee |
| 6:50 | · | to lead his army on a chase taking them |
| 6:52 | · | away from their water supply some |
| 6:54 | · | describe this tactic as a brilliant move |
| 6:56 | · | by Saladine others as a devastating |
| 6:58 | · | tactical blunder by Gee and yet others |
| 7:01 | · | portray Gee as a victim of circumstance |
| 7:03 | · | he certainly had headstrong leaders |
| 7:04 | · | including Renald pushing him to attack |
| 7:07 | · | he also had been given a substantial sum |
| 7:09 | · | by King Richard the 1 of England and |
| 7:11 | · | perhaps felt that he had to secure |
| 7:12 | · | victory in any case the crusader army |
| 7:15 | · | exhausted by thirst and fighting on the |
| 7:16 | · | ground of Saladine's choosing was |
| 7:18 | · | devastated historian Kelly de Dere wrote |
| 7:21 | · | in 2007 on 4 July 1187 the crusades |
| 7:24 | · | changed and the change was felt not only |
| 7:26 | · | in the Holy Land but also throughout |
| 7:28 | · | Syria Egypt Bzantium and Europe it |
| 7:31 | · | seemed as if the Christian god's wield |
| 7:32 | · | of fortune had fallen while the Muslim |
| 7:35 | · | gods had risen gee was captured his army |
| 7:38 | · | destroyed he'd left Jerusalem virtually |
| 7:40 | · | defenseless although a brief but feutal |
| 7:42 | · | stand was made under the leadership of |
| 7:43 | · | one of his rivals Baalon of Ibolan the |
| 7:46 | · | kingdom was nearly overrun but a new |
| 7:49 | · | hero arose conrad of Bonfra the younger |
| 7:52 | · | brother of Cibilia's first husband |
| 7:53 | · | William was described by a member of the |
| 7:55 | · | Byzantine court of beautiful appearance |
| 7:57 | · | comely in life springtime exceptional |
| 7:59 | · | and peerless in manly courage and |
| 8:01 | · | intelligence and in the flower of his |
| 8:03 | · | body strength in July of 1187 Conrad |
| 8:06 | · | came to Jerusalem apparently intending |
| 8:08 | · | to join his father on crusade only to |
| 8:10 | · | find Jerusalem had fallen his father was |
| 8:12 | · | held prisoner and the crusader armies |
| 8:13 | · | were in disarray he sailed into the last |
| 8:16 | · | stronghold of Jerusalem the fortified |
| 8:18 | · | city of Ty where the remnants of the |
| 8:20 | · | crusader army had gathered a |
| 8:22 | · | contemporary chronicle writes that he |
| 8:23 | · | arrived in Ty in time to prevent its |
| 8:25 | · | commander from surrendering the city he |
| 8:27 | · | reorganized the defense and put up such |
| 8:28 | · | a fight that a Muslim chronicler said of |
| 8:30 | · | him "He was a devil incarnate in his |
| 8:32 | · | ability to govern and defend a town and |
| 8:34 | · | a man of extraordinary courage." |
| 8:37 | · | Saladine went looking for easier prey |
| 8:39 | · | but returned for a second siege there |
| 8:42 | · | the legend says Saladine brought out |
| 8:43 | · | Conrad's father and offered to release |
| 8:45 | · | him if Conrad surrendered the city |
| 8:47 | · | conrad reportedly said that he would not |
| 8:49 | · | give one stone of Tyer's walls for his |
| 8:51 | · | father's life and saying that he'd |
| 8:52 | · | already lived a long life pointed a |
| 8:54 | · | crossbow at his father and threatened to |
| 8:56 | · | kill him himself it was a bold move |
| 8:59 | · | saladine was shocked but his buff called |
| 9:01 | · | released the Marquees anyway tyer was |
| 9:04 | · | saved meanwhile the defeated Hatton |
| 9:06 | · | raised a furer throughout Europe which |
| 9:08 | · | called for another crusade the third |
| 9:10 | · | crusade was led by powerful kings holy |
| 9:12 | · | Roman Emperor Frederick Barbar Roa |
| 9:14 | · | Philip II of France and Richard the 1st |
| 9:16 | · | of England although Frederick himself |
| 9:18 | · | died on his way to the Holy Land the |
| 9:20 | · | crusaders won some victories and |
| 9:22 | · | reconquered a part of the kingdom but |
| 9:24 | · | not Jerusalem and again the kingdom |
| 9:26 | · | needed a king saladine released Gee in |
| 9:29 | · | 1188 and he came to Ty demanding that |
| 9:31 | · | Conrad recognize him as king conrad |
| 9:33 | · | refused referring to the will of Baldwin |
| 9:35 | · | IV that kings Henry II and Philip were |
| 9:38 | · | to choose the next king the method that |
| 9:40 | · | Cibil and Guy had used to claim the |
| 9:42 | · | throne had come back to haunt them then |
| 9:44 | · | Cibila died of an illness in 1189 and |
| 9:47 | · | Conrad and his supporters convinced her |
| 9:48 | · | younger sister Isabella to divorce her |
| 9:50 | · | husband and married Conrad it was an |
| 9:53 | · | interesting machination conrad was |
| 9:55 | · | possibly still married himself he had |
| 9:57 | · | taken another man's wife and the |
| 9:58 | · | marriage was technically illegal under |
| 10:00 | · | church law since his brother had been |
| 10:01 | · | married to Isabella's halfsister |
| 10:04 | · | still possibly because there was so much |
| 10:06 | · | opposition to Gee the papal leot |
| 10:08 | · | sanctioned the marriage this raised an |
| 10:10 | · | issue richard supported Gee as Luzinon |
| 10:14 | · | was a vassal state of Richard philip on |
| 10:16 | · | the other hand supported Conrad his |
| 10:18 | · | first cousin who once removed in April |
| 10:20 | · | 1192 the High Court of Jerusalem met to |
| 10:23 | · | Richard's dismay they unanimously |
| 10:24 | · | selected Conrad over Gee gee purchased |
| 10:28 | · | the island of Cypress and ruled there |
| 10:29 | · | continuing to use the title king then |
| 10:32 | · | historian Patrick Williams of the |
| 10:33 | · | University of Portsmouth wrote in a 1970 |
| 10:35 | · | edition of the journal Tradicio studies |
| 10:37 | · | in ancient and medieval history thought |
| 10:39 | · | and religion on 28 April 1192 Conrad |
| 10:43 | · | Marquez of Mrat and Lord of Ty husband |
| 10:46 | · | of the last royal princess of Jerusalem |
| 10:48 | · | and newly elected king of that embattled |
| 10:50 | · | state was assassinated and temporary |
| 10:53 | · | chronicles differ in some respects but |
| 10:55 | · | what is generally agreed is that Conrad |
| 10:56 | · | was riding home from dinner with a light |
| 10:58 | · | escort when two men approached knocked |
| 11:00 | · | him from his horse and fatally wounded |
| 11:02 | · | him with daggers they attempted to |
| 11:04 | · | escape but one was killed and the other |
| 11:05 | · | captured by Conrad's guards many |
| 11:08 | · | accounts say that the men were part of |
| 11:09 | · | the sect called the Order of Assassins |
| 11:11 | · | but at least one contemporary account |
| 11:12 | · | said that the two men were servants of |
| 11:14 | · | Conrad who had been bribed others said |
| 11:16 | · | that they were servants but had taken |
| 11:18 | · | the jobs with the purpose of the |
| 11:19 | · | assassination williams writes "It may be |
| 11:22 | · | taken as established then that the |
| 11:23 | · | murder of Conrad was accomplished on |
| 11:24 | · | 28th April 1192 by two men who admitted |
| 11:27 | · | to being of the sect of the assassins |
| 11:29 | · | who had therefore been sent to their |
| 11:31 | · | task by Sinian the master of the sect |
| 11:33 | · | moreover the culprits had successfully |
| 11:35 | · | masqueraded as Christians and had been |
| 11:37 | · | at least familiar with Conrad for some |
| 11:38 | · | time possibly even acting as his |
| 11:40 | · | servants thus the assassination was |
| 11:42 | · | apparently planned well in advance but |
| 11:45 | · | the question remains by whom?" Some |
| 11:48 | · | accounts say the surviving men admitted |
| 11:50 | · | that he had been hired by Richard it's |
| 11:52 | · | very plausible richard had opposed |
| 11:54 | · | Conrad and Conrad was in the process of |
| 11:56 | · | negotiating with Saladine behind |
| 11:57 | · | Richard's back but Williams notes that |
| 11:59 | · | the chronicle making that claim was |
| 12:00 | · | written by a member of Saladine's court |
| 12:02 | · | may have been covering for another prime |
| 12:04 | · | suspect saladine knowing his reputation |
| 12:07 | · | and not wanting decisive leadership for |
| 12:08 | · | the kingdom may have had Conrad killed |
| 12:12 | · | but there were other suspects as well |
| 12:13 | · | had Gee having just lost to his rival |
| 12:16 | · | hired the assassins could it have been |
| 12:18 | · | Humphrey of Terrone Isabella's former |
| 12:20 | · | husband or had the leader of the |
| 12:21 | · | assassin Simeon had his own reasons to |
| 12:23 | · | kill Conrad williams discounts Humphrey |
| 12:26 | · | who had little to gain and was not known |
| 12:28 | · | for his initiative and Gee who had |
| 12:29 | · | apparently accepted his fate and made |
| 12:31 | · | little protest to his loss while Cine |
| 12:33 | · | had ordered the attack his reason for |
| 12:35 | · | doing so himself is questionable a |
| 12:37 | · | letter presented in 1193 suggests that |
| 12:39 | · | Conrad had insulted Cine when he |
| 12:40 | · | captured a boat of assassins but the |
| 12:42 | · | letter was what Williams calls an |
| 12:44 | · | obvious forgery and if Cineon had reason |
| 12:46 | · | to kill Conrad why wait for years until |
| 12:48 | · | he was elected king williams notes that |
| 12:51 | · | Saladine also makes little sense as he |
| 12:53 | · | was in negotiation with Conrad and was |
| 12:55 | · | known to be hostile to the guild of |
| 12:57 | · | assassins and unlikely to use them but |
| 12:59 | · | there's also a case that Richard would |
| 13:01 | · | not have used assassins as it would have |
| 13:02 | · | gone against his sense of honor and he |
| 13:04 | · | likely would have just simply challenged |
| 13:05 | · | Conrad himself moreover he was planning |
| 13:08 | · | to return to England and it's unlikely |
| 13:10 | · | at that time that he was interested in |
| 13:11 | · | upsetting the proverbial apple cart |
| 13:14 | · | william suggested another candidate |
| 13:16 | · | Henry II of Champagne henry was a French |
| 13:19 | · | nobleman a nephew of both Henry of |
| 13:21 | · | France and Richard who had come along |
| 13:23 | · | with the Third Crusade henry had been |
| 13:25 | · | sent by Richard to inform Conrad that he |
| 13:27 | · | had been elected king williams writes |
| 13:28 | · | "On Tuesday 28th April Conrad was killed |
| 13:32 | · | by Thursday Henry had arrived back in |
| 13:34 | · | Tire been unanimously recognized as the |
| 13:36 | · | person fit to secede Conrad as king and |
| 13:38 | · | had been persuaded to marry Conrad's |
| 13:40 | · | pregnant widow Isabella." Williams |
| 13:43 | · | argues that it is suspicious that Henry |
| 13:44 | · | who had left Tyer found out about |
| 13:46 | · | Conrad's assassination before Richard |
| 13:48 | · | almost as if he knew it was coming |
| 13:50 | · | further suspicion comes because Henry |
| 13:51 | · | paid a visit to the mountain stronghold |
| 13:53 | · | of the assassins in 1194 was he there to |
| 13:56 | · | pay a debt still Williams concludes it |
| 13:59 | · | is admitted that the case against Henry |
| 14:00 | · | is far from conclusive it is however |
| 14:03 | · | suggestive if at least as tenable as the |
| 14:04 | · | case against any of the others richard |
| 14:07 | · | continued the crusade but failed to take |
| 14:08 | · | Jerusalem the continued existence of a |
| 14:11 | · | reduced kingdom of Jerusalem was |
| 14:12 | · | guaranteed by a three-year truce in the |
| 14:14 | · | 1192 treaty of Jaffa negotiated between |
| 14:16 | · | Richard and |
| 14:17 | · | Saladine in a bizarre twist Henry died |
| 14:21 | · | falling out of a window in 1197 the |
| 14:23 | · | long-suffering Isabella married a fourth |
| 14:25 | · | time to Amory of Lusen Gee's brother who |
| 14:29 | · | had replaced Gee as Lord of Cyprus after |
| 14:30 | · | his death in |
| 14:32 | · | 1194 i know this is all rather confusing |
| 14:35 | · | there are too many people with the same |
| 14:36 | · | names enough machinations for a season |
| 14:38 | · | of Game of Thrones in a murder mystery |
| 14:41 | · | with multiple suspects none of whom are |
| 14:43 | · | still around to be interrogated |
| 14:45 | · | sometimes history is like that it could |
| 14:46 | · | be difficult to unravel and sometimes |
| 14:48 | · | mysteries remain a mystery even more |
| 14:51 | · | than 800 years later and what do we |
| 14:54 | · | really know about Conrad in fiction and |
| 14:57 | · | film he's often been portrayed as |
| 14:58 | · | something of a villain but Mariana |
| 15:00 | · | Gilchrist of Hol University notes that |
| 15:02 | · | the historical description of Conrad has |
| 15:04 | · | been tainted by Anglojan chronicle and |
| 15:07 | · | romance traditions that are favorable to |
| 15:09 | · | Richard I is it possible that instead of |
| 15:12 | · | being a villain that he was actually a |
| 15:13 | · | very capable ruler had he survived how |
| 15:16 | · | might have impacted his kingdom and one |
| 15:19 | · | further important thing to note when |
| 15:21 | · | Richard was returning home to England he |
| 15:23 | · | had to travel in disguise because he had |
| 15:25 | · | created enmity with both the French and |
| 15:27 | · | the Holy Roman Empire when he was |
| 15:29 | · | finally discovered and held it was by |
| 15:31 | · | Liupold V the Duke of Austria who |
| 15:34 | · | happened to be Conrad of Montatz first |
| 15:39 | · | cousin one of the charges made against |
| 15:41 | · | Richard at the time was that he had |
| 15:42 | · | arranged for the murder of Conrad guilty |
| 15:45 | · | or not Richard took the blame and |
| 15:48 | · | England paid the price i hope you |
| 15:51 | · | enjoyed watching this episode of The |
| 15:53 | · | History Guy and if you did please feel |
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| 16:13 | · | [Music] |
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| 16:31 | · | [Music] |
| 16:33 | · | [Applause] |
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