Posted on 03/07/2023 3:26:56 PM PST by daniel1212
In the Northeast woodlands the most feared and hated nation was the Iroquois — especially the Mohawk and Seneca. The Algonquian speaking nations and Iroquoian speaking Huron were particular enemies of the Iroquois. In the 1640s, the Iroquois unleashed a virtual genocide on the other Nations of the region, one that was not quickly forgotten.
The Ojibwa defeated a number of the Iroquois incursions and ran the Sioux out of their forested homeland onto the plains. The Ojibwa (Chippewa and associated bands) occupied more land than any other tribe ever has from Manitoba to Indiana and took over smaller tribes on their pursuit west.
In the Southeast, the Muskogean-speaking peoples made up the largest linguistic group and included the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Cherokee, and Seminole among others. These were know as the Five Civilized Tribes, but their martial abilities should not be underestimated. The Seminole, in particular were suppressed but never defeat by US forces. Creeks were the dominant people in Georgia during the majority of its colonial era.
There is no doubt the Crows were among the fiercest on the Plains/Yellowstone regions. Excellent horsemen, horse raiders, great hunters, epic warriors and iconic Chiefs. They were also among the most wealthiest in terms of horse numbers. They fought virtually every tribe on all sides to defend their hunting grounds and homelands with little to no "alliances" unlike the Sioux. The Sioux Indians were one of the most feared Nations, but they were actually a large alliance — Dakota, Lakota, Sioux, often siding with the Cheyenne.
In the Southwest, the Comanche were particular unfriendly to other bands, but the Pima seem to have been the Nation most feared by other tribes. The Comanche were noted for being fierce warriors who fought vigorously to defend their homeland. However, they were, at one time or another, at war with virtually every other Native American group living on the Southern Plains. Many historians debate whether the Comanche deserve their ferocious reputation.
The attacks of the Apache on the Pima Villages caused the Pima to develop their own unique militia organization capable of offense and defense. This “militia” had its antecedents in Pima auxiliaries used by the Spanish garrisons from 1694. In 1857. an estimated 300 Yuma, Mohave, Apache and Yavapai warriors attacked a Pima Maricopa village in one of the largest all native inter-tribal battles in Arizona's history. The Maricopa / Pima forces, some mounted on horses, surrounded the attackers before annihilating them. The attackers lost 200 killed to the Pima.
https://www.quora.com/What-was-the-most-terrifying-Native-American-tribe-to-get-in-a-skirmish-with-during-the-Indian-Wars-I-have-an-Apache-friend-who-swears-it-was-the-Pima-Tribe-who-I-really-know-nothing-about-I-always-thought-it-was/answer/James-Martin-2066
Ira Hayes was a Pima Indian...
he won’t answer anymore.
The Navajo were thieves and liars — according to a Hopi acquaintance of mine.
The first time a Native American traded with a white ma man for a pot,knife tomahawk, gun they took their first step to their downfall
"The peaceful Zuni of New Mexico and Arizona are much studied, partly because their language, culture and physical appearance set them apart from other Native American peoples.
Davis, an anthropologist who has made 10 visits to the Zuni pueblo, now offers the startling thesis that a group of Japanese Buddhists left earthquake-wracked medieval Japan and came by ship to the Southern California coast, eventually migrating inland to the Zuni territory, where they merged their culture and genes with Native Americans to produce the modern Zuni people around A.D. 1350.
Davis uses ""forensic"" evidence--including analyses of dental morphology, blood and skeletal remains--to support a Japanese-Zuni connection."
Another great post SunkenCiv.
I’m Choctaw. While we disliked the Creeks adjacent to the east from our homelands centered in the Pearl River drainages of central Mississippi, we often fought the Osage.
Indeed, some historians/anthropologists consider the Choctaw and Osage as traditional enemies. This is strange, in that the Choctaw were mostly sedentary in Mississippi and a long ways from the Osage in Kansas, NE Oklahoma, NW Arkansas, and SW Missouri. However, there was bad blood between them, probably because of Choctaw hunting parties that traveled to the plains for buffalo (and a little hell raising). The Osage would repay the favor from time to time. The question remains, however, about how either side dealt easily with that big muddy river that separates them.
:^) Thanks oldplayer!
Hi.
Thanks for the ping.
Everyone knows it was the Seminoles.
They took all of the other tribes wampum (a little Indian lingo there).
5.56mm
” Her grandfather was in the last active US cavalry unit in the 1930’s time frame.”
The last active US (horse) cavalry was in the Philippines in 1942, and launched an attack on the invading Japanese.
“The Sioux Uprising of 1862 in Minnesota pretty much deracinated the southern third of the state.”
Yeah, that was a brutal summer for the settlers.
***The Crows hated the Sioux, and many Crows became scouts for the US Army.****
What a difference a few months can make in friends and enemies. After Little Big Horn, Gen Crook and Mackenzie attacked a Cheyenne village that had been at the battle. The survivors fled to the band of Crazy Horse who basically told them to “Hit the road!”
With no place to go and freezing weather, that band threw themselves on the mercy of Gen Crook and said they would be willing to scout for him AGAINST CRAZY HORSE!
Today those same tribes try to say the Cheyenne were welcomed by Crazy Horse. So why did they become scouts against Crazy Horse?
In the book ON THE BORDER WITH CROOK by Bourke it tells which Cheyennes became scouts for Gen Crook.
***The Lenni Lenape/Delaware Indians were mostly peaceful.***
Not in 1764! They did the first school house massacre in the New World, the Enoch Brown Massacre.
Yet those tribes claim to have come from a hole(Sipapu) in the ground in the Grand Canyon.
With all the problems the Sioux had at that time it was general believed they were instigated to go to war by Confederate agents working through tribes in Canada.
They DID have lots of tribesmen instigating the other tribes all over the west.
The tribes that made or were negotiating treaties with the Confederacy.
Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Comanches, Wachitas, Kiowas, Pottawattamies, Chickasaws, Osages,
Seminoles, Senecas, Shawnees, Quawpaws.
The South also had Indian agents operating all throughout the High Plains and mountain region stirring up other tribes such as the Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Navajo and Apaches to make war on the Union at that time.
Their traditional enemies, Pawnee, Kaw, Osage (well, part of them) remained loyal to the Union.
“There is little doubt that the recent outbreak in the Northwest (Minnesota Uprising) has resulted from the efforts of secession agents operating through Canadian Indians and fur-traders.”—Mr Giddings, US Counsul-general in Canada
“After Little Big Horn, Gen Crook and Mackenzie attacked a Cheyenne village that had been at the battle.”
That was the Dull Knife Fight.
“In the book ON THE BORDER WITH CROOK by Bourke it tells which Cheyennes became scouts for Gen Crook.”
Bourke’s book was one of the first I read as a kid about the Indian Wars. That copy wasted away from constant reading, and I picked up another hardback copy in the 1970s that was in pretty good condition. I still have that to this day (I am in my 70s).
Probably the best Indian scouts were the Apaches under Crook in the 1880s. They knew the very inhospitable lands of the Southwest better than anyone.
“With all the problems the Sioux had at that time it was general believed they were instigated to go to war by Confederate agents working through tribes in Canada.”
Propaganda.
“The Lenni Lenape/Delaware Indians were mostly peaceful.”
Tell that to Colonel William Crawford.
NO it wasn’t propaganda. Iowa fought on 3 fronts. The Indian wars on the west and north, the Missouri outlaws and sent men to the civil war. on the south.
From readings in the past my recollection is that the Sioux were quite warlike (to say the least) and the settlers were not. Many were immigrants from northern Europe and did not even have firearms. They were basically dirt scratchers eaking out a living off the land. Unlike the Scots Irish in the east who by nature itched for fights, these settlers were on the pacifist side. Memory is over 300 men, women and children were killed. Fascinating history.
In the book THE INDIAN WAR OF 1864 by Capt Eugene Ware, during his time there he says he saw lots of Confederate Indians from IT (Indian Territory, Oklahoma)operating in the area.
But then, soon he saw an Oklahoma Indian behind every bush.
The Osages killed a large number of Confederates in Kansas and found on them instructions to make contact with the tribes of the West and instigate attacks on settlers in Western Kansas.
https://www.acatholicmission.org/8a-confederate-officers-massacred.html
http://www.ksgenweb.org/montgome/chron3.htm
“According to accounts of the massacre, a band of 18 Confederate soldiers were dispatched from Jasper County, Mo., to make an expedition across southern Kansas and eventually into Colorado and New Mexico territories. The expedition had two objectives: to recruit men from the westward prairies to join the Confederate Army and to incite the western Indians against the Kansas settlers, a majority of whom held free state or anti-slavery views. “
“NO it wasn’t propaganda. Iowa fought on 3 fronts. The Indian wars on the west and north, the Missouri outlaws and sent men to the civil war. on the south.”
The genesis of the 1862 Sious Uprising was years before the Civil War. It hit its explosive spark in 1862 because the annuities promised to the Sioux were reduced because of the costs associated with the Civil War.
Iowa had almost no involvement in the 1862 Sioux Uprising (certainly nothing like the Spirit Lake Massacre of 1857). While the uprising occurred in SW Minnesota, it was pretty much confined to Minnesota. The closest major massacre to Iowa in 1862 was at Lake Shetek in SW Minnesota.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.