Ping!...............
Team Super Spreader
“… Infection-enhancing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies now recognize both the original Wuhan/D614G strain and Delta variants, which suggests antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is emerging…”
********************************************************************
OK… give it to us straight… we can take it. How much longer before we vaccinated FReepers begin our ADE die-off?
Most of us unvaccinated have known this for a long time - the vaccines (if that is what they do) only produce antibodies for the very tip of the spike protein. Whereas natural immunity from a recovered infection produces antibodies to all sorts of proteins of the virus. So even in the case of mutations, natural immunity is far superior. Not sure why any Freeper would advocate for the vaccine for a healthy population group.
Question: why does natural immunity create the same pressure on virii to mutate into forms that can get around the antibodies? Answer: it does. However there is also pressure on the virus to mutate so as to not kill the host and in principle this is why they fade into the background over time. Yes, they can still spread (see: common cold) but they are a nuisance, not a potential death sentence for otherwise healthy people.
So then the question is why would vaccination make the virus more contagious AND more deadly? That makes no sense from an evolutionary perspective.
Ping
Nice! Thanx for the post. Great resource.
Bump
Will SOMEONE PULLEEASE TELL DONALD TRUMP TO STOP PUSHING THE JABS??
We understand that, as he is not a physician, his early comments promoting the jab were based on 411 given him by Fauci the fraud.
DJT’s comments are weakening his 2024 effort.
BFL
“the natural antibodies have been programmed to stand down.”
I still haven’t learned the mechanism for this programming. I do understand that antibodies can sometimes, in a self-defeating way, facilitate a virus’s entry into a cell, but this is not that.
And no, I’m not someone who pushes vaccines. Quite the contrary.
I predict that this will not end well, even for the master planners of this virus. It may indeed be the end of the world where no ones wins. Until then, just enjoy life, as much as you can, and fight against the tyranny.
The Vaxed are killing us. How ironic is that?
1) the “boosters” are the same stuff as the “regular”. If reformulated boosters for a variant come along they need to be tested all over again. At least, that’s how it’s supposed to go.
2) as far as ADE mutations go, the virus needs to mutate enough to evade the antibodies without losing their ability to bind to cell receptors. Mutations of the S protein may render them less communicable.
Something people should have been asking themselves from the beginning.
“If something is too good to be true … “
It will probably kill you if it is a) experimental, b) comes in a syringe or a pill and c) a tyrant mandates it.
That’s three strikes for the vaxx, if anyone’s counting.
BKMRK.
One-year sustained cellular and humoral immunities of COVID-19 convalescents “SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies, and also NAb can persist among over 95% COVID-19 convalescents from 6 months to 12 months after disease onset. At least 19/71 (26%) of COVID-19 convalescents (double positive in ELISA and MCLIA) had detectable circulating IgM antibody against SARS-CoV-2 at 12m post-disease onset. Notably, the percentages of convalescents with positive SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses (at least one of the SARS-CoV-2 antigen S1, S2, M and N protein) were 71/76 (93%) and 67/73 (92%) at 6m and 12m, respectively. Furthermore, both antibody and T-cell memory levels of the convalescents were positively associated with their disease severity.”
Comparing SARS-CoV-2 natural immunity to vaccine-induced immunity: reinfections versus breakthrough infections “Our analysis demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2-naïve vaccinees had a 13.06-fold increased risk for breakthrough infection with the Delta variant compared to those previously infected, when the first event (infection or vaccination) occurred during January and February of 2021. The increased risk was significant for a symptomatic disease as well…. This analysis demonstrated that natural immunity affords longer lasting and stronger protection against infection, symptomatic disease and hospitalization due to the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, compared to the BNT162b2 two-dose vaccine-induced immunity.”
Shedding of Infectious SARS-CoV-2 Despite Vaccination “The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant might cause high viral loads, is highly transmissible, and contains mutations that confer partial immune escape. Outbreak investigations suggest that vaccinated persons can spread Delta.
Necessity of COVID-19 vaccination in previously infected individuals, by “Individuals who have had SARS-CoV-2 infection are unlikely to benefit from COVID-19 vaccination, and vaccines can be safely prioritized to those who have not been infected before.”
Large-scale study of antibody titer decay following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine or SARS-CoV-2 infection “This study demonstrates individuals who received the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine have different kinetics of antibody levels compared to patients who had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with higher initial levels but a much faster exponential decrease in the first group.”
Discrete Immune Response Signature to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Versus Infection. “In COVID-19 patients, immune responses were characterized by a highly augmented interferon response which was largely absent in vaccine recipients.”
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces long-lived bone marrow plasma cells in humans. “This study sought to determine whether infection with SARS-CoV-2 induces antigen-specific long-lived BMPCs in humans. We detected SARS-CoV-2 S-specific BMPCs in bone marrow aspirates from 15 out of 19 convalescent individuals, and in none from the 11 control participants…. Overall, our results are consistent with SARS-CoV-2 infection eliciting a canonical T-cell-dependent B cell response, in which an early transient burst of extrafollicular plasmablasts generates a wave of serum antibodies that decline relatively quickly. This is followed by more stably maintained levels of serum antibodies that are supported by long-lived BMPCs.”
Longitudinal analysis shows durable and broad immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection with persisting antibody responses and memory B and T cells “ We evaluated 254 COVID-19 patients longitudinally from early infection and for eight months thereafter and found a predominant broad-based immune memory response. SARS-CoV-2 spike binding and neutralizing antibodies exhibited a bi-phasic decay with an extended half-life of >200 days suggesting the generation of longer-lived plasma cells. In addition, there was a sustained IgG+ memory B cell response, which bodes well for a rapid antibody response upon virus re-exposure.”
Single cell profiling of T and B cell repertoires following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine”Natural infection induced expansion of larger CD8 T cell clones occupied distinct clusters, likely due to the recognition of a broader set of viral epitopes presented by the virus not seen in the mRNA vaccine.”
Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection “We analyzed multiple compartments of circulating immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 in 254 samples from 188 COVID-19 cases, including 43 samples at ≥ 6 months post-infection. IgG to the Spike protein was relatively stable over 6+ months. Spike-specific memory B cells were more abundant at 6 months than at 1 month post symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells declined with a half-life of 3-5 months.”
Persistence of neutralizing antibodies a year after SARS-CoV-2 infection “We assessed the persistence of serum antibodies following wild-type SARS-CoV-2 infection six and twelve months after diagnosis in 367 individuals of whom 13% had severe disease requiring hospitalization. We determined the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-IgG) and nucleoprotein IgG concentrations and the proportion of subjects with neutralizing antibodies (NAb).”
Quantifying the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection over time “Reinfection was an uncommon event (absolute rate 0%–1.1%), with no study reporting an increase in the risk of reinfection over time. Only one study esti- mated the population‐level risk of reinfection based on whole genome sequencing in a subset of patients; the estimated risk was low (0.1% [95% CI: 0.08–0.11%]) with no evidence of waning immunity for up to 7 months following primary infection. These data suggest that naturally acquired SARS‐CoV‐2 immunity does not wane for at least 10 months post‐infection.”
SARS-CoV-2 antibody-positivity protects against reinfection for at least seven months with 95% efficacy “Reinfection is rare in the young and international population of Qatar. Natural infection appears to elicit strong protection against reinfection with an efficacy ~95% for at least seven months.”
Natural immunity against COVID-19 significantly reduces the risk of reinfection: findings from a cohort of sero-survey participants “These findings reinforce the strong plausibility that development of antibody following natural infection not only protects against re-infection by the virus to a great extent, but also safeguards against progression to severe COVID-19 disease.”
Protection of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is similar to that of BNT162b2 vaccine protection: A three-month nationwide experience from Israel “Similarly, the overall estimated level of protection from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection for documented infection is 94·8% (CI:[94·4, 95·1]); hospitalization 94·1% (CI:[91·9, 95·7]); and severe illness 96·4% (CI:[92·5, 98·3]). Our results question the need to vaccinate previously-infected individuals.”
Immune Memory in Mild COVID-19 Patients and Unexposed Donors Reveals Persistent T Cell Responses After SARS-CoV-2 Infection “Using HLA class II predicted peptide megapools, we identified SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ T cells in around 66% of the unexposed individuals. Moreover, we found detectable immune memory in mild COVID-19 patients several months after recovery in the crucial arms of protective adaptive immunity; CD4+ T cells and B cells, with a minimal contribution from CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, the persistent immune memory in COVID-19 patients is predominantly targeted towards the Spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2. This study provides the evidence of both high magnitude pre-existing and persistent immune memory in Indian population.”
Live virus neutralisation testing in convalescent patients and subjects vaccinated against 19A, 20B, 20I/501Y.V1 and 20H/501Y.V2 isolates of SARS-CoV-2 “Interestingly, a significant difference in neutralisation capacity was observed for vaccinated HCWs between the two variants whereas it was not significant for the convalescent groups.”
Highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection “Thus, asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals are not characterized by weak antiviral immunity; on the contrary, they mount a highly functional virus-specific cellular immune response.”
Antibody Evolution after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination “We conclude that memory antibodies selected over time by natural infection have greater potency and breadth than antibodies elicited by vaccination.”
COVID-19 natural immunity: Scientific Brief. “Available scientific data suggests that in most people immune responses remain robust and protective against reinfection for at least 6-8 months after infection (the longest follow up with strong scientific evidence is currently approximately 8 months)... While neutralizing antibodies mainly target the spike protein, cellular immunity elicited by natural infection also target other viral proteins, which tend to be more conserved across variants than the spike protein.”
SARS-CoV-2 re-infection risk in Austria. “We recorded 40 tentative re-infections in 14 840 COVID-19 survivors of the first wave (0.27%) and 253 581 infections in 8 885 640 individuals of the remaining general population (2.85%) translating into an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.09 (0.07 to 0.13). We observed a relatively low re-infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in Austria. Protection against SARS-CoV-2 after natural infection is comparable with the highest available estimates on vaccine efficacies.”
Anti-spike antibody response to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population “We estimated antibody levels associated with protection against reinfection likely last 1.5-2 years on average, with levels associated with protection from severe infection present for several years.”
SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of antibody-positive compared with antibody-negative health-care workers in England: a large, multicentre, prospective cohort study (SIREN). “A previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an 84% lower risk of infection, with median protective effect observed 7 months following primary infection. This time period is the minimum probable effect because seroconversions were not included. This study shows that previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 induces effective immunity to future infections in most individuals.”
SARS-CoV-2 Natural Antibody Response Persists for at Least 12 Months in a Nationwide Study From the Faroe Islands. “Although the protective role of antibodies is currently unknown, our results show that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persisted at least 12 months after symptom onset and maybe even longer, indicating that COVID-19-convalescent individuals may be protected from reinfection. Our results represent SARS-CoV-2 antibody immunity in nationwide cohorts in a setting with few undetected cases, and we believe that our results add to the understanding of natural immunity and the expected durability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immune responses.
Associations of Vaccination and of Prior Infection With Positive PCR Test Results for SARS-CoV-2 in Airline Passengers Arriving in Qatar. “The relative risk for PCR positivity was 0.22 (95% CI, 0.17-0.28) for vaccinated individuals and 0.26 (95% CI, 0.21-0.34) for individuals with prior infection compared with no record of vaccination or prior infection.”
Longitudinal observation of antibody responses for 14 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. “In Conclusion, our study findings are consistent with recent studies reporting antibody persistency suggesting that induced SARS-CoV-2 immunity through natural infection, might be very efficacious against re-infection (>90%) and could persist for more than six months. Our study followed up patients up to 14 months demonstrating the presence of anti-S-RBD IgG in 96.8% of recovered COVID-19 subjects.”