Posted on 05/08/2005 7:12:27 PM PDT by Perdogg
For centuries, people have been intrigued by the number 666, the "number of the beast" from the Book of Revelation in the New Testament.
Not only is it mentioned in the Bible, it has been associated with the Satanism, universal price codes and the game of roulette, as the numbers on the wheel add up to 666.
Now, the legendary number is getting a fresh look, as researchers are re-examining evidence the number may actually be 616.
Fragment from Book of Revelation mentions 616 in the third line – chi, iota, sigma (courtesy Egypt Exploration Society)
In the King James Version of the Bible, the well-known verse of Revelation 13:18 reads:
"Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six."
While many Bible have footnotes saying the number translated from the original Greek could be 616, experts say new photographic evidence of an ancient fragment of papyrus from Revelation indeed indicates the number is indeed 616, instead of 666.
Scholars in England have been using modern technology to scour some 400,000 bits of papyri which were originally discovered in 1895 at a dump outside the ancient Egyptian city of Oxyrhynchus. Many of the sections have been damaged and discolored, but an imaging process is shedding new light on the sacred text, believed to have originally been penned by John, one of Jesus' 12 apostles.
"This is a very nice piece to find," Ellen Aitken, a professor of early Christian history at McGill University, told Canada's National Post. "Scholars have argued for a long time over this, and it now seems that 616 was the original number of the beast."
The papyrus in the spotlight is believed to be from about 300 A.D.
"This is very early confirmation of that number, earlier than any other text we've found of that passage," Aitken said. "It's probably about 100 years before any other version."
The main researcher promoting the 616 claim is David Parker, professor of New Testament Textual Criticism and Paleography at the University of Birmingham in England.
"This is an example of gematria, where numbers are based on the numerical values of letters in people's names," Parker told the UK's Independent. "Early Christians would use numbers to hide the identity of people who they were attacking: 616 refers to the Emperor Caligula."
Many commentators have gone with later copies of text which assign the number 666 to "the beast," believed by some to be the End-time world power.
Some have also linked 666 with Nero, the ancient Roman emperor known for persecuting Christians.
Parker points out the possibility of 616 was considered by the second century church father Irenaeus, who rejected it.
Regarding this new text, Parker told Britain's Church Times, "This adds weight to those who believe that it is a reference to Caligula's attempt to desecrate the Temple in Jerusalem, by having his statue erected there as part of the cult of emperor worship.
"There may be a reference to it in Mark [13:14], where he refers to the 'the abomination of desolation.' But this was overlaid by the Neronian persecutions. People believed that you could get from '666' to Nero because in Greek he is the emperor Neron Caesar. And 666 is one number less than the perfect 777. The text [showing 616] is quite legible to the naked eye. It was published in 1999, but it has taken people time to catch up."
The National Post quotes Elijah Dan, professor of philosophy and religion at the University of Toronto, as saying the new number won't likely have an impact in the popularity of 666.
"Otherwise, a lot of sermons would have to be changed and a lot of movies rewritten," he said with a laugh. "There's always someone with an active imagination who can put another interpretation on it. It just shows you that when you study something as cryptic and mystic as the Book of Revelation there's an almost unlimited number of interpretations."
Oh, dang, I gotta change my tattoo.
Let him who hath understanding reckon the number of the beast for it is a human number, his number is 616...-4376, ask for Beelzebub..."
They were looking at it upside down, it's 999.
It depends on translation
A lot of English bibles are written by adding the benefit of calculating the appropriate Greek values.
You're reading a translated version.
http://www.nineninenine.cjb.net/
Loved homicide. Great old punk band.
blueletterbible.com has chi xi stigma, yes, that's stigma (an archaic 6th letter of the Greek alphabet), not sigma.
The first 9 letters represented 1-9, the second nine 10-90, and the last nine 100-900.
Early isn't always more accurate. The Gnostics tried to corrupt Christianity very early on.
616 upside down looks like 919, the area code of central North Carolina, which means the antichrist could come from central NC.
In fact, it could be John Edwards.
616 upside down looks like 919, the area code of central North Carolina, which means the antichrist could come from central NC.
In fact, it could be John Edwards.
616 upside down looks like 919, the area code of central North Carolina, which means the antichrist could come from central NC.
In fact, it could be John Edwards.
Can't tell, we need the million man math kit to be sure of what the numbers mean.
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"I'm unconvinced. The words "Six hundred threescore and six" can hardly be confused with "Six hundred one and six". Besides, what difference does it make? The mark will be obvious because it's placed on the head or hand and is necessary for commerce - are we worried that some will say, "Oh, that's 50 off, go ahead and mark me."
The oldest complete bible is in a British museum, and it contains the book of Barnabus. The bible has been mis-translated and books added and taken away. Several others from the time of Christ were not included because they were too mystical. Humans have tinkered with the bible.
"A lot of English bibles are written by adding the benefit of calculating the appropriate Greek values.
You're reading a translated version."
We all read translated versions. This one is the oldest known. We won't know until we see it in Aramaic.
"Early isn't always more accurate. The Gnostics tried to corrupt Christianity very early on."
The Gnostics wrote down their versions, but I wouldn't qualify that as an attempt to corrupt. They should be given some credence because they were among the first Christians. When Pagans are converted, they fashion the religion to reflect their own culture. Europeans did too.
No conspiracy there, just an effort to make a foreign religion palatable to their people.
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