Free Republic
Browse · Search
Smoky Backroom
Topics · Post Article

Skip to comments.

Designed to deceive: Creation can't hold up to rigors of science
CONTRA COSTA TIMES ^ | 12 February 2006 | John Glennon

Posted on 02/12/2006 10:32:27 AM PST by PatrickHenry

MORE THAN A CENTURY and a half since Charles Darwin wrote "On the Origin of Species," evolution remains a controversial concept among much of the population. The situation is quite different in the scientific community, where evolution is almost universally accepted. Still, attacks on the teaching of evolution continue.

The more recent criticism of evolution comes from proponents of intelligent design, a new label for creation "science." They claim ID is a valid scientific alternative to explaining life on Earth and demand it be taught in science classes in our schools along with evolution.

Although intelligent design is cloaked in the language of science and may appear at first glance to be a viable theory, it clearly is not. In fact, intelligent design is neither a theory nor even a testable hypothesis. It is a nonscientific philosophical conjecture that does not belong in any science curriculum in any school.

A theory in the scientific sense is quite different from how the word is often used in conversation.

Theories are structures of ideas that explain and interpret facts. They are based on extensive data and their predictions are tested and verified time and again.

Biological evolution -- genetic change over time -- is both a theory and a fact, according to paleontologist Stephen Gould. Virtually all biologists consider the existence of evolution to be a fact. It can be demonstrated in the lab and in nature today, and the historical evidence for its occurrence in the past is overwhelming.

However, biologists readily admit that they are less certain of the exact mechanism of evolution; there are several theories of the mechanics of evolution, which are supported by data and are constantly being refined by researchers whose work is subject to peer review.

But there are many established facts concerning evolution, according to R.C. Lewontin, Alexander Agassiz Professor Emeritus of Zoology at Harvard University. He, as do virtually all biological scientists, agree that it is a fact that the Earth with liquid water has been around for more than 3.6 billion years and that cellular life has been around for at least half of that period.

We know for a fact that organized multicellular life is at least 800 million years old and that major life forms now on Earth did not exist in the past.

It is considered a fact by biologists that all living forms today come from previous living forms.

A fact is not the same as absolute certitude, which exists only in defined systems such as mathematics. Scientists consider a "fact" to be something that has been confirmed to such a degree of reliability and logic that it would be absurd to think otherwise.

Denying the facts of evolution is akin to denying that gravity exists. What is debatable, with both evolution and gravity, are the theories of the mechanics of how each operates.

Supporters of intelligent design vehemently disagree, but they do not offer alternative theories or verifiable data. Instead, intelligent design proponents attack evolution with misinformation, half-truths and outright falsehoods.

Intelligent design does not develop hypotheses nor does it test anything. As such, intelligent design is simply a conjecture that does not hold up to scrutiny.

False arguments

Unfortunately, intelligent design has considerable credibility outside the scientific community by making specious claims about evolution. Below are some of the leading charges made by intelligent design and creationist proponents in the past several years.

• Evolution has never been observed: But it has. Biologists define evolution as a change in the gene pool of a population of living organisms over time.

For example, insects develop resistance to pesticides. Bacteria mutate and become resistant to antibiotics. The origin of new species by evolution (speciation) has been observed both in the laboratory and in the wild.

Some intelligent design supporters admit this is true, but falsely say that such changes are not enough to account for the diversity of all living things. Logic and observation show that these small incremental changes are enough to account for evolution.

Even without direct observation, there is a mountain of evidence that confirms the existence of evolution.

Biologists make predictions based on evolution about the fossil record, anatomy, genetic sequences and geographical distribution of species. Such predictions have been verified many times, and the number of observations supporting evolution is overwhelming and growing, especially in the field of genetics.

Biologists have not observed one species of animal or plant changing quickly into a far different one. If they did, it would be evidence against evolution.

• Evolution violates the second law of thermodynamics: It clearly does not. This law of physics states essentially that disorder increases in a closed system. Some intelligent design and creationist proponents say this means that the order required in the evolution of simple life forms to more complex ones cannot take place, at least not on a long-term basis.

What critics of evolution don't say is that the Earth's environment is not a closed system. It absorbs enormous heat energy from the sun, which is all that is required to supply fuel for the evolution of plants and animals.

Order arises from disorder in the physical world as well, in the formation of crystals and weather systems, for example. It is even more prevalent in dynamic living things.

• There are no transitional fossils: This argument is a flat-out falsehood. Transitional fossils are ones that lie between two lineages with characteristics of both a former and latter lineage. Even though transitional fossils are relatively rare, thousands of them have been found.

There are fossils showing transitions from reptile to mammal, from land animal to whale, the progression of animals leading to the modern horse, and from early apes to humans.

• Theory says that evolution proceeds by random chance: This is an example of a half-truth perpetuated by intelligent design and creation supporters.

Chance is an important element of evolution, but it is not the only thing involved.

This argument ignores other forces such as natural selection, which weeds out dysfunctional species, and is the opposite of chance.

Chance takes place in genetic mutations, which provide the raw material of evolutionary change, which is then modified and refined by natural selection. But even at the genetic level, mutations occur within the framework of the laws of physics and chemistry.

Opponents of evolution argue that chance, even enhanced by natural selection and the laws of physics, is not enough to account for the complexity of DNA, the basic building blocks of almost all life forms. (RNA is the foundation of some microbes). However, there literally were oceans of organic molecules that had hundreds of millions of years to interact to form the first self-replicating molecules that make life possible.

Irreducible complexity

The attack on evolution that intelligent design proponents use most often today is one based on "irreducible complexity." This has become the foundation of their attempts to cast doubt on evolution.

They argue that certain components of living organisms are so complex that they could not have evolved through natural processes without the direct intervention of an intelligent designer.

Michael Behe, a leading proponent of intelligent design, defined irreducibly complex as "a system composed of several well-matched, interacting parts that contribute to the basic function, wherein the removal of any one of the parts causes the system to effectively cease functioning."

In other words, irreducible complexity refers to an organism that does something (a function) in such a way that a portion of the organism that performs the function (a system) has no more parts than are absolutely necessary.

The argument made is that the entire system with all its parts, such as an enzyme used in digestion or a flagellum used to propel a bacterium (an example Behe favors in his defense of irreducible complexity), would have to come into being at one time -- a virtual impossibility.

If one of the parts were missing, Behe argues, the system would not be able to function, and thus a simpler, earlier evolving system could not exist.

It is not as easy as it may appear at first glance to define irreducible complexity because there is not a good definition of what a part is. Is it a particular type of tissue, a cell, or segment of DNA? Behe is not clear. But even if he were able to define a true IC system, his argument would fail.

There are several ways an irreducible complexity system could evolve. An early version could have more parts than necessary for a particular function. The individual parts could evolve. Most likely, an earlier version of the system could have had a different function.

This is observed in nature. For example, take the tail-like flagellum of a bacteria, which Behe says supports irreducible complexity. It is used for functions other than motion. A flagellum can be used to attach a bacteria to a cell or to detect a food source.

Thus, a precursor to a more complex flagellum could have had a useful, but different, function with fewer parts. Its function would have changed as the system evolved.

Simply put, the irreducibly complex system argument doesn't work. Most, if not all, of the irreducible complexity systems mentioned by intelligent design adherents are not truly IC. Even if they were, they clearly could have evolved. That is the consensus of almost all biological scientists.

Intelligent design is not science

The theory of evolution and common descent were once controversial in scientific circles. This is no longer the case.

Debates continue about how various aspects of evolution work. However, evolution and common descent are considered fact by the scientific community.

Scientific creationism, or intelligent design, is not science. Believers of intelligent design do not base their objections on scientific reasoning or data.

Instead, it appears that their ideas are based on religious dogma. They create straw men like irreducible complexity or lack of transitional fossils, and shoot them down. They fabricate data, quote scientists out of context and appeal to emotions.

Intelligent design disciples do not conduct scientific experiments, nor do they seek publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Still, they have had an impact far beyond the merits of their arguments.

One of their most persuasive arguments is an appeal to fair play, pleading to present both sides of the argument. The answer is no. They do not present a valid scientific argument.

Within the scientific community, there is virtually no acceptance of intelligent design. It has no more place in a biology class than astrology in an astronomy class or alchemy in a chemistry class.


TOPICS:
KEYWORDS: biology; crevolist; cultofyoungearthers; evolution; idiocy; ignoranceisstrength; lyingtoinfidelsisok; science; theocraticwhackjobs
Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-20 ... 841-860861-880881-900 ... 2,421-2,439 next last
To: Ichneumon
Here's what you're missing, moron -- it's not "within the pre-existing genetics". It's a *different* set of genetics.

I haven't missed that claim, nor am I missing the semantics. It's corn. Just like Irish setter and Great Dane are dogs - Canines. Semantics. You want to hide from the simple in hopes people get lost in the details. It's still corn.

861 posted on 02/14/2006 1:46:40 PM PST by Havoc (Evolutionists and Democrats: "We aren't getting our message out" (coincidence?))
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 852 | View Replies]

To: Havoc
"Dogs and wolves. Wolves are dogs. Splain yourself. Right - can't. Next inanity."

Yes, your point is inane.

"Corn is being used as a generic for a species just as "Dog" is here."

And it's incorrect to do so. *Corn* doesn't mean species any more than *dog* does.

"Corn is corn. When it becomes something not-corn you got macro (species). Until then it's micro (breed)."

No. YOU don't get to make up the definitions of species because it suits you. There are a number of species of corn.
862 posted on 02/14/2006 1:47:27 PM PST by CarolinaGuitarman ("There is grandeur in this view of life...")
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 859 | View Replies]

To: Right Wing Professor

I think you need to go back and read all my commentary. I believe I otherwise noted that inability is limited. But nice decietful attempt at a gotcha.


863 posted on 02/14/2006 1:48:52 PM PST by Havoc (Evolutionists and Democrats: "We aren't getting our message out" (coincidence?))
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 855 | View Replies]

To: furball4paws
Damn! Back to the Sand Box.

You need a 'SRC="some_url"' specifier in your "<IMG>" tag. And that needs to refer to an online photo, it won't work (for anyone else) if it references an image on your hard drive. If you need to host a local image on the internet somewhere, use http://imageshack.us. That site is also good for "rehosting" an image you've found elsewhere on the internet, in order to give it a more reliable home (in case the original site goes down, or modifies/removes its copy of the image).

864 posted on 02/14/2006 1:49:25 PM PST by Ichneumon
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 858 | View Replies]

To: Havoc
[Here's what you're missing, moron -- it's not "within the pre-existing genetics". It's a *different* set of genetics.]

I haven't missed that claim, nor am I missing the semantics.

Fine, then you're just lying about it. Have it your way.

It's corn.

This in no way rescues your falsehood about genetics.

Keep it up, I love it when anti-evolutionists make it clear that they can't conduct even the most basic science discussion without revealing gross incompetence and/or dishonesty -- it makes it *very* clear to the lurkers why you guys have no leg to stand on when it comes to crafting a science curriculum for the schools.

865 posted on 02/14/2006 1:52:57 PM PST by Ichneumon
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 861 | View Replies]

To: Havoc
"Just like Irish setter and Great Dane are dogs - Canines."

Now you are jumping to family level. Canidae is the family that includes all the dogs, and has 35 different species in it.

http://www.lioncrusher.com/family.asp?family=Canidae
866 posted on 02/14/2006 1:53:13 PM PST by CarolinaGuitarman ("There is grandeur in this view of life...")
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 861 | View Replies]

To: Ichneumon

I referenced http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Calamity_Jane_on_a_horse.gif

no go (that's Calamity Jane)

I referenced

http://www.outlawwomen.com/PokerAlice.jpg

for Poker Alice - no go

The only thing I can think of is that these addresses won't allow referencing. I'll try again.


867 posted on 02/14/2006 1:53:47 PM PST by furball4paws (Awful Offal)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 864 | View Replies]

To: Ken H

You can always hope. If you wish to delude yourselves, don't let me stand in the way. I'm applauding your efforts and demanding that you shout your message louder longer and with more energy. I agree with Limbaugh. The strategy worked with the dims and it is working with you guys so far. More, more more. The public just doesn't get it.. repeat that to yourself over and over and then go ye therefore and run your yaps splainin it to them.


868 posted on 02/14/2006 1:55:07 PM PST by Havoc (Evolutionists and Democrats: "We aren't getting our message out" (coincidence?))
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 856 | View Replies]

To: furball4paws
The only thing I can think of is that these addresses won't allow referencing. I'll try again.

They do, you're just not entering the HTML correctly. Type it into your message like this:

<img src="http://www.outlawwomen.com/PokerAlice.jpg">
It'll come out like this:


869 posted on 02/14/2006 1:56:50 PM PST by Ichneumon
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 867 | View Replies]

To: Ichneumon
But it is no longer a wolf, from which it speciated thousands of years ago.

Oh, really, produce the wolf it speciated from thousands of years ago. Not a drawing of a concept, the real thing.. oops.

It was a dog then, it's a dog now. The two are defined as seperate species for reasons even your own can't fully defend. I know. I've seen evos back away from it quickly because that is how loosely "species" is defined. Scientists debating the matter with your "dangerous" (snickering) Dr. Dino have had to admit as much publically because they could not run from that fact. That's the truth in stone. Deal with it.

870 posted on 02/14/2006 1:59:58 PM PST by Havoc (Evolutionists and Democrats: "We aren't getting our message out" (coincidence?))
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 860 | View Replies]

To: furball4paws
...and the problem with your other picture is that you were using the URL for the *article* about the image, not the URL of the image itself. For the image, use:
<img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/28/Calamity_Jane_on_a_horse.gif">

To find the URL for an *image* you see on a web page, right-click on the image and select "Properties" from the popup menu. It'll show you the Address/URL, you can copy/paste it by selecting it with your mouse (i.e. highlighting it), then hitting "Ctrl-C" or right-click and select "Copy" from the popup menu.

871 posted on 02/14/2006 2:00:53 PM PST by Ichneumon
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 869 | View Replies]

To: Ichneumon
I swear that's what I did, but I guess not.


872 posted on 02/14/2006 2:01:59 PM PST by furball4paws (Awful Offal)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 869 | View Replies]

To: CarolinaGuitarman

Dog is a classification the public is fully aware of. So is Corn. Just because you want to hide doesn't mean we have to let you. Swat and throw a tantrum. I don't care. You aren't getting away with it and you know it and it's eating you up.
Swat at me all you will, this stuff is why you're a fraud it the eyes of rational human beings called the "general public" who may not have degrees but have the sense given a rock to know a dog from a non-dog and corn from non-corn.

Complex things are not so complex that they cannot be simplified to make people understand them. And in most cases, they'll simplify it themselves when they do. They don't need five latin words to say corn. If you do, that's your problem.


873 posted on 02/14/2006 2:03:56 PM PST by Havoc (Evolutionists and Democrats: "We aren't getting our message out" (coincidence?))
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 862 | View Replies]

To: Ichneumon

OK, now I want to draw some chemical models and post them. I save them as a jpg file and upload them to imageshack and the reference them there?


874 posted on 02/14/2006 2:03:58 PM PST by furball4paws (Awful Offal)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 871 | View Replies]

To: Right Wing Professor; longshadow
I'm afraid I disagree.

All of his fellow inmates call him "perfesser". Doesnt that count for something?

875 posted on 02/14/2006 2:05:10 PM PST by RightWingNilla
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 694 | View Replies]

To: CarolinaGuitarman

They're all dogs. Caught on yet, or do you need a picture?


876 posted on 02/14/2006 2:06:06 PM PST by Havoc (Evolutionists and Democrats: "We aren't getting our message out" (coincidence?))
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 866 | View Replies]

To: Havoc
[But it is no longer a wolf, from which it speciated thousands of years ago.]

Oh, really, produce the wolf it speciated from thousands of years ago. Not a drawing of a concept, the real thing.. oops.

Not until you produce your great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandfather. The real thing -- until then we can't accept that you're actually human. Oops!

Clue for the clueless: There are more ways to establish familial reliationships and common ancestry than just producing an old corpse. But hey, you wouldn't know anything about that, because you're a know-nothing creationist who is pig-ignorant about biology.

Now run along and go bother someone your own mental age.

It was a dog then, it's a dog now.

To borrow a stupidity from creationist Ken Ham: "Excuse me, were you there?" You're just stating your ignorant presumption as if you had actually established its truth. You haven't. Biologists, on the other hand, have overwhelming evidence of the common ancestry of domestic dogs and wolves. But again, you wouldn't know anything about that, because you're so *proud* of your utter ignorance that you've never bothered to get an education on this topic before you spout off, just like almost all of the other loudmouthed anti-evolutionists.

877 posted on 02/14/2006 2:07:12 PM PST by Ichneumon
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 870 | View Replies]

To: furball4paws
OK, now I want to draw some chemical models and post them. I save them as a jpg file and upload them to imageshack and the reference them there?

Exactly. After uploading them to ImageShack, it'll even provide you with easy cut-and-paste samples of "code" you can use in various contexts to present the image. Use the "Hotlink for Websites" ones, it's appropriate for HTML venues such as FreeRepublic. There are a couple of "Hotlink for Forums" types, but FreeRepublic won't recognize those, they're for online forums that use a different kind of linking syntax.

878 posted on 02/14/2006 2:10:07 PM PST by Ichneumon
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 874 | View Replies]

To: Ichneumon

Right, Dogs are dogs but came from something else and as proof, we won't produce what they came for just as we'll call a different breed of Dog a species so that we can say evolution took place instead of variation...

Hint: nobody bought this nutbag attempt and the public knows what a dog is even if you too ideologically smart to be any earthly good evolutionists don't.


879 posted on 02/14/2006 2:10:40 PM PST by Havoc (Evolutionists and Democrats: "We aren't getting our message out" (coincidence?))
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 877 | View Replies]

To: Havoc
"Dog is a classification the public is fully aware of."

The public is wrong. *Dog* consist of a number of different species.

" Just because you want to hide doesn't mean we have to let you."

This is hysterical!

"You aren't getting away with it and you know it and it's eating you up."

Projection is a bitch.


"They're all dogs. Caught on yet, or do you need a picture?"

So a fox is the same *kind* as a chihuahua?
880 posted on 02/14/2006 2:15:35 PM PST by CarolinaGuitarman ("There is grandeur in this view of life...")
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 873 | View Replies]


Navigation: use the links below to view more comments.
first previous 1-20 ... 841-860861-880881-900 ... 2,421-2,439 next last

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

Free Republic
Browse · Search
Smoky Backroom
Topics · Post Article

FreeRepublic, LLC, PO BOX 9771, FRESNO, CA 93794
FreeRepublic.com is powered by software copyright 2000-2008 John Robinson