Physicists Develop Novel Quantum Theory of Gravity

The new theory, developed by physicists at Aalto University, describes gravity in a way that’s compatible with the Standard Model of particle physics, opening the door to an improved understanding of how the Universe began.

The Standard Model of particle physics describes electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, which are three of the four known fundamental forces of nature. The unification of the fourth interaction, gravity, with the Standard Model has been challenging due to incompatibilities of the underlying theories — general relativity and quantum field theory. While quantum field theory utilizes compact, finite-dimensional symmetries associated with the internal degrees of freedom of quantum fields, general relativity is based on noncompact, infinite-dimensional external space-time symmetries. Mikko Partanen & Jukka Tulkki aim at deriving the gauge theory of gravity using compact, finite-dimensional symmetries in a way that resembles the formulation of the fundamental interactions of the Standard Model. Image credit: DESY / Science Communication Lab.

“If this turns out to lead to a complete quantum field theory of gravity, then eventually it will give answers to the very difficult problems of understanding singularities in black holes and the Big Bang,” said Aalto University’s Dr. Mikko Partanen.

“A theory that coherently describes all fundamental forces of nature is often called the Theory of Everything.”

“Some fundamental questions of physics still remain unanswered. For example, the present theories do not yet explain why there is more matter than antimatter in the observable Universe.”

The key was finding a way to describe gravity in a suitable gauge theory — a kind of theory in which particles interact with each other through a field.

“The most familiar gauge field is the electromagnetic field,” said Aalto University’s Dr. Jukka Tulkki.

“When electrically charged particles interact with each other, they interact through the electromagnetic field, which is the pertinent gauge field.”

“So when we have particles which have energy, the interactions they have just because they have energy would happen through the gravitational field.”

A challenge long facing physicists is finding a gauge theory of gravity that is compatible with the gauge theories of the other three fundamental forces — the electromagnetic force, the weak nuclear force and the strong nuclear force.

The Standard Model of particle physics is a gauge theory which describes those three forces, and it has certain symmetries.

“The main idea is to have a gravity gauge theory with a symmetry that is similar to the Standard Model symmetries, instead of basing the theory on the very different kind of spacetime symmetry of general relativity,” Dr. Partanen said.

Without such a theory, physicists cannot reconcile our two most powerful theories, quantum field theory and general relativity.

Quantum theory describes the world of the very small — tiny particles interacting in probabilistic ways — while general relativity describes the chunkier world of familiar objects and their gravitational interaction.

They are descriptions of our Universe from different perspectives, and both theories have been confirmed to extraordinary precision — yet they are incompatible with each other.

Furthermore, because gravitational interactions are weak, more precision is needed to study true quantum gravity effects beyond general relativity, which is a classical theory.

“A quantum theory of gravity is needed to understand what kind of phenomena there are in cases where there’s a gravitational field and high energies,” Dr. Partanen said.

“Those are the conditions around black holes and in the very early Universe, just after the Big Bang — areas where existing theories in physics stop working.”

“Always fascinated with the very big questions of physics, we discovered a new symmetry-based approach to the theory of gravity and began to develop the idea.”

“The resulting work has great potential to unlock a whole new era of scientific understanding, in much the same way as understanding gravity paved the way to eventually creating GPS.”

Although the theory is promising, the duo point out that they have not yet completed its proof.

The theory uses a technical procedure known as renormalization, a mathematical way of dealing with infinities that show up in the calculations.

So far Dr. Partanen and Dr. Tulkki have shown that this works up to a certain point — for so-called ‘first order’ terms — but they need to make sure the infinities can be eliminated throughout the entire calculation.

“If renormalization doesn’t work for higher order terms, you’ll get infinite results,” Dr. Tulkki said.

“We still have to make a complete proof, but we believe it’s very likely we’ll succeed.”

“There are still challenges ahead, but with time and effort he expects they’ll be overcome,” Dr. Partanen said.

“I can’t say when, but I can say we’ll know much more about that in a few years.”

Gravity generated by four one-dimensional unitary gauge symmetries and the Standard Model. Rep. Prog. Phys 88, 057802;

The eye of the needle refers to a particular gate that the people of that time period had to protect their gardens from the camels.

People hear various theories all of the time. Told by a "local tour guide", or whomever.

Here's a page about someone trying to track that one down, or at least the similar gate camel eye needle story:

https://classictheology.org/2021/10/12/through-the-eye-of-an-actual-needle-the-fake-gate-theory/

Meanwhile, there are different Talmudic references, with their specific words and meanings. I check them out. Even the standard explanation that the [letter] kuf is Aramaic for an eye *of a needle* is suspect. Not that the word doesn't mean an eye/hole, but if the intrinsic meaning of קוֹפָא involved a needle specifically, why the added descriptive "of a needle" -- דְמַחְטָא:

וְלָא פִּילָא דְּעָיֵיל בְּקוֹפָא דְמַחְטָא

"nor an elephant [going through] the eye of a needle"

https://www.sefaria.org/Berakhot.55b.20?lang=bi

***

Here's another reference, from Mivchar Hapeninim:

ואמר אין נקב המחט צר לשני אוהבים. ואין רוחב העולם די לשני שונאים:

281. He used to say, The space of a needle's eye [נקב המחט] suffices for two friends, whilst the universe itself can scarcely contain two enemies.

https://www.sefaria.org/Mivchar_HaPeninim.25.4?lang=bi

***

נֶֽקֶב m.n. hole, perforation

https://www.sefaria.org/Klein_Dictionary%2C_%D7%A0%D6%B6%D6%BD%D7%A7%D6%B6%D7%91.1?lang=bi

***

לִנְקוֹב

Verb to stipulate, to quote (price); to puncture, to pierce:

https://www.pealim.com/dict/1250-linkov/

***

Again with The Point of the needle piercing a hole. Plenty of room, or not, depending on the personal space requirements.

***

holepunch -- מנקב, same root:

https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%91

***

The hole for the thread or the hole made by the sharp point at the other end...

There's an interesting heads or tails analog in the Cygnus constellation. The swan's tail (Deneb = "tail") is at the top which is also the head of the Northern Cross asterism within.

It was shaped similar to the eye of a needle and would easily let a human pass through but a camel could not.

It didn’t have to be opened or closed all the time. The protection was in it’s design.

Join the Navi See the World:

In Navy (and broader military) context, "make a hole" is a command or phrase used to tell a group of people to get out of the way to allow someone or something to pass. It's a way of creating space for a priority movement or task. (AI summary)

It was only when I looked up the various "eye"-translated words that I saw "eye of a needle" as a hole made by the tip of the needle.

Contextually it's a simple meaning as well, because the eyehole for the thread is a fixed size in the needle's construction, whereas the hole made by the needle suits the analogy of a hole that opens wider, if only. Even the descriptive phrasing for "קוֹפָא" indicates that the "kuf" word has a *wider* meaning than taught and assumed. Paradoxically though, it's all one in the end.

The thought process then sparked the connection right back to a camel:

***

My children, open for Me one [tiny] opening of repentance like the tip of the needle [makes], and I will open for you [huge] openings that wagons and carriages enter through it.

As in,

The camel's nose is a metaphor for a situation where the permitting of a small, seemingly innocuous act will open the door for larger, clearly undesirable actions.

>>>

There are a number of other metaphors and expressions which refer to small changes leading to chains of events with undesirable or unexpected consequences, differing in nuances.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel's_nose

And then the analogy in the NT is not such a mystery after all. A man can't imagine something that he can't even envision as possible in the first place. Good thing Jacob's son Joseph didn't have that problem, but until everyone caught up with his dreams, good riddance. History repeats with history's visionaries.

You'd think people would learn to pay attention to detail finally.

Yeah, it's a passage from the NT, which in some circles is enemy territory, but it is what it is..

This wealthy man was materially rich but curiosity and ingenuity poor. No vision beyond his limited conclusion-jumping assumptions. Perhaps he never had to think for himself for a second because he could just pay somebody to do that for him.

The disciples weren't much better in the comprehension department, but the difference is that they were open to learning something that they had not previously considered. Like say, an "eye" as the opening made *by* a needle, because those "eye" words have meanings that were lost or ignored in their translation and teachings.. (eyeronically, all as one "eye").

The gap under a tent may be just enough to... stick a nose through, but then sure enough, the entire camel manages to get inside. Who doesn't know that since ancient times, but if the focus is directed toward the fixed eye in the needle, then nobody moves forward.

🤔

Matthew 19

21 Jesus said unto him, If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come and follow me.
22 But when the young man heard that saying, *he went away sorrowful: for he had great possessions*.
23 Then said Jesus unto his disciples, Verily I say unto you, That a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of heaven.
24 And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.
25 When his disciples heard it, they were exceedingly amazed, saying, *Who then can be saved*?
26 But Jesus beheld them, and said unto them, With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible.

(The Spirit of Elohim back in Genesis 1:2 got an idea. 💡)

larger, clearly undesirable actions

Repentance for starters, because if people got ideas and started making a few simple independent observations in search of correct answers, there go the Establishments.

You ever notice how the Establishment status quos defend themselves with a wall of consensus? They act like anyone outside their respective systems is "obviously" up to no good -- flakey and stupid at best, but dangerously lawless if they manage to get a... foot in the door.

Of course, the reality on the ground is that drones following orders find ways to make excuses for why they can't solve a problem. Not in the union contract, nobody around with the authority to make a command decision, and so forth.

The other reality on the ground is that Can-DO man is minded to assess a situation, then roll up his sleeves to get a job done right. Then he can move on to something else. It's not complicated.

No wonder he's hated by the Can't-DO People and denigrated for having a problem with authority and discipline -- he has much higher standards for how he conducts his business, and for what/who qualifies as legitimate authority.

Malingering is a vice:

To feign illness, injury, or incapacitation in order to avoid work, obligation, or perilous risk.

(For example, the "hopeless sinner" learned paralysis schtick is going to come back to poke people in the eye.)

Hope I didn't miss skewering any sacred cows. 😉

Physicists Develop Novel Quantum Theory of Gravity

Obey gravity -- It's the Law.

Quantum theory describes the world of the very small — tiny particles interacting in probabilistic ways — while general relativity describes the chunkier world of familiar objects and their gravitational interaction.
They are descriptions of our Universe from different perspectives, and both theories have been confirmed to extraordinary precision — yet they are incompatible with each other.

May 10 --

The Congress constituted a new federation that it first named the United Colonies of North America, and in 1776, renamed the United States of America. The Congress began convening in present-day Independence Hall in Philadelphia, on May 10, 1775, with representatives from 12 of the 13 colonies, following the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the first battles of the Revolutionary War, which were fought on April 19, 1775.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress

***

(Death of Paul Revere -- 1818)

***

The United Colonies of North-America[1][2] was the official name as used by the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia for the newly formed proto-state comprising the Thirteen Colonies in 1775 and 1776, before and as independence was declared. Continental currency banknotes displayed the name 'The United Colonies' from May 1775 until February 1777, and the name was being used to refer to the colonies as a whole before the Second Congress met.

1776 eight-dollar Continental Currency banknote featuring "The United Colonies" name

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Colonies

***

The eight-dollar bill depicted a harp whose thirteen strings represented the various colonies. The motto, Majora Minoribus Consonant, asserted that “the greater and smaller ones sound together.” Franklin further explained that the harp’s frame, which united the strings “in the most perfect harmony,” symbolized the Continental Congress.

https://commonplace.online/article/benjamin-franklins-enriching-virtues/

***

"Majora minoribus consonant" is a Latin phrase that translates to "The larger and the smaller ones sound together" or "The greater and the smaller ones are in harmony". It was used as a motto on early American Continental currency to symbolize the unity and harmony of the thirteen colonies. The phrase was often associated with the image of a harp, representing the 13 colonies and their differing sizes, all in agreement and unity.

https://quantumtorah.com/half-shekel-metaphor-for-entanglement/

all in agreement and unity:

"this giant planetary-scale project of coordinating all of humanity into a single, smoothly operating organism, that will run as efficiently as a person’s body. According to Kabbala, all of humanity, actually all of creation, is really a single partzuf, a single Adam. In fact, one main feature of messianic consciousness is a greater awareness of our oneness in this regard."

https://www.chabad.org/kabbalah/article_cdo/aid/1893861/jewish/Glass-Half-Empty-Consciousness-of-Tisha-bAv.htm

May 10th --

The Golden Spike (also known as The Last Spike[1]) is the ceremonial 17.6-karat gold final spike driven by Leland Stanford to join the rails of the first transcontinental railroad across the United States connecting the Central Pacific Railroad from Sacramento and the Union Pacific Railroad from Omaha on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah Territory.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_spike

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.