Posted on 12/29/2021 5:57:37 AM PST by Red Badger
A summary of decades of research on a rather 'out-there' idea involving viruses from space raises questions on just how scientific we can be when it comes to speculating on the history of life on Earth.
It's easy to throw around words like crackpot, rogue, and maverick in describing the scientific fringe, but then papers like this one, from 2018, come along and leave us blinking owlishly, unsure of where to even begin.
A total of 33 names were listed as authors on this review, which was published by Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology back in August 2018. The journal is peer reviewed and fairly well cited. So it's not exactly small, or a niche pay-for-publish source.
Science writer Stephen Fleischfresser goes into depth on the background of two of the better known scientists involved: Edward Steele and Chandra Wickramasinghe. It's well worth a read.
For a tl;dr version, Steele is an immunologist who has a fringe reputation for his views on evolution that relies on acquiring gene changes determined by the influence of the environment rather than random mutations, in what he calls meta-Lamarckism.
Wickramasinghe, on the other hand, has had a somewhat less controversial career, recognized for empirically confirming Sir Fred Hoyle's hypothesis describing the production of complex carbon molecules on interstellar dust.
Wickramasinghe and Hoyle also happened to be responsible for another space biology thesis. Only this one is based on more than just the origins of organic chemistry.
The Hoyle Wickramasinghe (H-W) thesis of Cometary (Cosmic) Biology makes the rather simple claim that the direction of evolution has been significantly affected by biochemistry that didn't start on our planet.
In Wickramasinghe's own words, "Comets are the carriers and distributors of life in the cosmos, and life on Earth arose and developed as a result of cometary inputs."
Those inputs, Wickramasinghe argued, aren't limited to a generous sprinkling of space-baked amino acids, either.
Rather, they include viruses that insert themselves into organisms, pushing their evolution into whole new directions.
The report, titled "Cause of Cambrian Explosion – Terrestrial or Cosmic?", pulls on existing research to conclude that a rain of extra-terrestrial retroviruses played a key role in the diversification of life in our oceans roughly half a billion years ago.
"Thus retroviruses and other viruses hypothesized to be liberated in cometary debris trails both can potentially add new DNA sequences to terrestrial genomes and drive further mutagenic change within somatic and germline genomes," the authors wrote.
Let that sink in for a moment. And take a deep breath before continuing, because that was the tame part.
It was during this period that a group of mollusks known as cephalopods first stretched out their tentacles from beneath their shells, branching into a stunning array of sizes and shapes in what seemed like a remarkably short time frame.
The genetics of these organisms, which today include octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish, are as weird as the animals themselves, due in part to their ability to edit their DNA on the fly.
The authors of the paper make the rather audacious claim that these genetic oddities might be a sign of life from space.
Not of space viruses this time, but the arrival of whole genomes frozen in stasis before thawing out in our tepid waters.
"Thus the possibility that cryopreserved squid and/or octopus eggs, arrived in icy bolides several hundred million years ago should not be discounted," they wrote.
In his review of the paper, medical researcher Keith Baverstock from the University of Eastern Finland conceded that there's a lot of evidence that plausibly aligns with the H-W thesis, such as the curious timeline of the appearance of viruses.
But that's just not how science advances.
"I believe this paper justifies skepticism of the scientific value of stand alone theories of the origin of life," Baverstock argued at the time.
"The weight of plausible, but non-definitive, evidence, great though that might be, is not the point."
While the idea is as novel and exciting as it is provocative, nothing in the summary helps us better understand the history of life on Earth any better than existing conjectures, adding little of value to our model of evolution.
Still, with solid caveats in place, maybe science can cope with a generous dose of crazy every now and then.
Journal editor Denis Noble concedes that 'further research is needed', which is a bit of an understatement.
But given the developments regarding space-based organic chemistry in recent years, there's room for discussion.
"As space chemistry and biology grows in importance it is appropriate for a journal devoted to the interface between physics and biology to encourage the debates," said Noble.
"In the future, the ideas will surely become testable."
Just in case those tests confirm speculations, we recommend being well prepared for the return of our cephalopod overlords. Who knows when they'll want those eggs back?
This research was published in Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology.
A version of this article was first published in August 2018.
Happy Friday!
Relax, kitteh. It’s finally here. Although it is cold up here. -4 with a -12 windchill when the pup and I went out. I couldn’t even tear off a waste bag because they were so fragile in the cold.
I’ll probably not post these next week unless the UT wants to take up the exercise. But here was today’s trial.
Wordle 216 4/6
⬜⬜⬜⬜⬜
⬜⬜🟩⬜⬜
🟨🟩🟩⬜🟨
🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩
Sorry, I don’t mean to be greedy. Sometimes these things just happen.
W00t!!
Good on ya first thing in the morning!
LOL! Not greedy, by any stretch! They come around every so often and if we snooze, we lose!
I did one on my phone last night but it gave me the option of not only the day’s challenge, but six more games of increasing difficulty. I haven’t tried, but I’m pretty sure if I completed one level, I wouldn’t be able to go back to it the same day.
One thing is sure: I need to do it every day because I find them extremely difficult. My brain needs more exercise!
Good morning again. It is also cold here, by local standards. The Envirothon meeting is cancelled, but I will be having the kids working on various environment projects.
It was 11° when I got up this morning, just after 0500. I have to go out to mail my letter to Charlie, but today, like yesterday, we won’t even get up to freezing, although the sun will be shining.
I have some fingerless gloves somewhere, and I really want to wear them!
For purely selfish reasons, I hope the weather keeps folks in today. Then Walmart won’t be crowded. ;o]
Finely chopped mushrooms for me...
Yes, we keep quiet until all are done.
For today:
Wordle 216 4/6
⬛⬛🟩⬛⬛
⬛⬛⬛🟨⬛
🟩⬛🟩🟨⬛
🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩
Mmmmm, bacon!
I would venture that it is better than chocolate...
Still cold, less windy...
Good show on the Wordle, my result was similar...
Took me four today, too!
NOTHING is better than chocolate! Although, I understand that less men like it than women. Still, I’ll take the shares of those who can’t or don’t like it.
Speaking of chocolate, I think it must be time for some hot chocolate-raspberry cocoa. ;o]
Interesting. I do them all on my phone. I get only one option. When I finish that one it gives me a countdown to midnight of when the next one will be available. Nothing else I can do except share my results from the day.
Of the 14 games I’ve played, I have:
0 on the first try
1 on the second try
1 on the third try
5 on the 4th try
5 on the 5th try
2 on the 6th try
That 2nd try win came because my first word had 4 letters in the right place.
Still cold here. I had a nice talk with my spiritual director, and now I’m thinking about going to bed with Jake, who has been there all day.
I fixed a chair.
It was interesting about your Wordle games, ArGee. It seems I get it in three or in five. Of course, one of them, I didn’t get at all, so I don’t know if that even counts.
Right now, I’m counting down the time when I can go to Walmart, though I really don’t want to go. Not so late in the day, anyway.
Here’s a little something I picked up in one of the uplifting talks I’ve heard this week: Live today as if you will meet Jesus Christ this evening; plan your life as though you will live to be 100 years old. I liked it so I wrote it down. It’s too long for a tagline, so I may print it and stick it on the fridge.
Is something ailing Jake? Or is he just taking a Boy’s Time Out?
Sure is quiet around here. I think I’m alone again. :o|
That’s what I did, but it was hosted on a web site, and it didn’t work.
Thanks for trying to help.
Does this link work?
https://twitter.com/OmarAlghabra/status/1484595627703078918
This is our Minister of Transportation blaming Biden “cause he did it too!”
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