Posted on 12/29/2021 5:57:37 AM PST by Red Badger
A summary of decades of research on a rather 'out-there' idea involving viruses from space raises questions on just how scientific we can be when it comes to speculating on the history of life on Earth.
It's easy to throw around words like crackpot, rogue, and maverick in describing the scientific fringe, but then papers like this one, from 2018, come along and leave us blinking owlishly, unsure of where to even begin.
A total of 33 names were listed as authors on this review, which was published by Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology back in August 2018. The journal is peer reviewed and fairly well cited. So it's not exactly small, or a niche pay-for-publish source.
Science writer Stephen Fleischfresser goes into depth on the background of two of the better known scientists involved: Edward Steele and Chandra Wickramasinghe. It's well worth a read.
For a tl;dr version, Steele is an immunologist who has a fringe reputation for his views on evolution that relies on acquiring gene changes determined by the influence of the environment rather than random mutations, in what he calls meta-Lamarckism.
Wickramasinghe, on the other hand, has had a somewhat less controversial career, recognized for empirically confirming Sir Fred Hoyle's hypothesis describing the production of complex carbon molecules on interstellar dust.
Wickramasinghe and Hoyle also happened to be responsible for another space biology thesis. Only this one is based on more than just the origins of organic chemistry.
The Hoyle Wickramasinghe (H-W) thesis of Cometary (Cosmic) Biology makes the rather simple claim that the direction of evolution has been significantly affected by biochemistry that didn't start on our planet.
In Wickramasinghe's own words, "Comets are the carriers and distributors of life in the cosmos, and life on Earth arose and developed as a result of cometary inputs."
Those inputs, Wickramasinghe argued, aren't limited to a generous sprinkling of space-baked amino acids, either.
Rather, they include viruses that insert themselves into organisms, pushing their evolution into whole new directions.
The report, titled "Cause of Cambrian Explosion – Terrestrial or Cosmic?", pulls on existing research to conclude that a rain of extra-terrestrial retroviruses played a key role in the diversification of life in our oceans roughly half a billion years ago.
"Thus retroviruses and other viruses hypothesized to be liberated in cometary debris trails both can potentially add new DNA sequences to terrestrial genomes and drive further mutagenic change within somatic and germline genomes," the authors wrote.
Let that sink in for a moment. And take a deep breath before continuing, because that was the tame part.
It was during this period that a group of mollusks known as cephalopods first stretched out their tentacles from beneath their shells, branching into a stunning array of sizes and shapes in what seemed like a remarkably short time frame.
The genetics of these organisms, which today include octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish, are as weird as the animals themselves, due in part to their ability to edit their DNA on the fly.
The authors of the paper make the rather audacious claim that these genetic oddities might be a sign of life from space.
Not of space viruses this time, but the arrival of whole genomes frozen in stasis before thawing out in our tepid waters.
"Thus the possibility that cryopreserved squid and/or octopus eggs, arrived in icy bolides several hundred million years ago should not be discounted," they wrote.
In his review of the paper, medical researcher Keith Baverstock from the University of Eastern Finland conceded that there's a lot of evidence that plausibly aligns with the H-W thesis, such as the curious timeline of the appearance of viruses.
But that's just not how science advances.
"I believe this paper justifies skepticism of the scientific value of stand alone theories of the origin of life," Baverstock argued at the time.
"The weight of plausible, but non-definitive, evidence, great though that might be, is not the point."
While the idea is as novel and exciting as it is provocative, nothing in the summary helps us better understand the history of life on Earth any better than existing conjectures, adding little of value to our model of evolution.
Still, with solid caveats in place, maybe science can cope with a generous dose of crazy every now and then.
Journal editor Denis Noble concedes that 'further research is needed', which is a bit of an understatement.
But given the developments regarding space-based organic chemistry in recent years, there's room for discussion.
"As space chemistry and biology grows in importance it is appropriate for a journal devoted to the interface between physics and biology to encourage the debates," said Noble.
"In the future, the ideas will surely become testable."
Just in case those tests confirm speculations, we recommend being well prepared for the return of our cephalopod overlords. Who knows when they'll want those eggs back?
This research was published in Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology.
A version of this article was first published in August 2018.
Indeed! There are a bunch of us who think that, but following close on it's heels was a very long-lasting hail storm, and the "pellets" were the size of golf balls on steroids.
And thanks! :o])
That is so sweet. They really are nice little companions. The angel wings are invisible.
LOL!
Especially invisible when he’s on my pillow at 2:00 telling me I need to get up and let him out.
Ready ‘Face? White-Hall here we come!
:D
The sun has got his hat on hip-hip-hip hooray
The sun has got his hat on
And he’s coming out today
Now we’ll all be happy
Hip-hip-hip hooray
The sun has got his hat on
And he’s coming out today
He’s been tanning People out in Timbuktu
Now he’s coming back to do the same to you
So jump into your sun-bath
Hip-hip-hip hooray
The sun has got his hat on
And he’s coming out today
All the little birds are singing
All the little gnats are stinging
All the little bees in twos and threes
Buzzing in the sun all day
The sun has got his hat on
Hip-hip-hip hooray
All the little boys excited
All the little girls delighted
What a lot of fun for everyone
Sitting in the sun all day
Tis a dog’s delight to bark and bite as it is a bird’s to sing,
But if you sit on a red hot brick, it’s an early sign of spring.
Postman Pat.
Postman Pat.
Postman Pat and his black and white cat.
Early in the morning, just as day is dawning, he picks up all the post bags in his van.
Postman Pat.
Postman Pat.
Postman Pat and his black and white cat.
All the birds are singing, and the day is just beginning.
Pat feels he’s a really happy man.
Everybody knows his bright red van, all his friends will smile as he waves to greet them,
Maybe, you can never be sure, there’ll be knock (knock knock) Ring (ring ring).
Letters through your door. (Hee Hee).
Postman Pat.
Postman Pat.
Postman Pat and his black and white cat.
All the birds are singing, and the day is just beginning.
Pat feels he’s a really happy man.
Everybody knows his bright red van, all his friends will smile as he waves to greet them,
Maybe, you can never be sure, there’ll be knock (knock knock) Ring (ring ring).
Letters through your door.
Letters through your door (Hee Hee).
Postman Pat.
Postman Pat.
Postman Pat and his black and white cat.
Early in the morning, just as day is dawning, he picks up all the post bags in his van.
Postman Pat.
Postman Pat.
Postman Pat and his black and white cat.
All the birds are singing, and the day is just beginning.
Pat feels he’s a really happy man.
Wordle.is in three.
Back to bed for me.
Good morning. It sounds like it’s a cheery day in England.
Sleep well, Nully. :)
Good morning TC,
Intermittent Sunshine ,just as the Doctor ordered.
Good morning. The birds are singing, the turnpike is rumbling, and it seems like it’s going to be a quite a nice day.
I’m debating whether to put on sunscreen and yardwork clothes for a day of outdoor exertions, or what.
Next week, DP and I are going to visit George Washington Vanderbilt’s farm, where I plan to relax even if it means sneaking out while he’s still asleep.
Good morning, all. Happy Humph Day!
It’s a little warmer today. We’re suppose to have a mix of showers and not-showers.
The authorities appear to have caught the man who was with the gun yesterday. Out on bail in 3..2..1
Decent day for
Wordle 298 3/6
⬜🟩⬜🟩⬜
⬜🟩⬜🟩🟩
🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩
Good Wednesday Morning!
Another overnight of passing storms, thankfully no tornados here...
The eliminated letters helped today:
Wordle 298 4/6
⬛⬛⬛🟩⬛
⬛⬛⬛🟩⬛
⬛⬛🟩🟩🟩
🟩🟩🟩🟩🟩
I tried.
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