Posted on 12/29/2021 5:57:37 AM PST by Red Badger
A summary of decades of research on a rather 'out-there' idea involving viruses from space raises questions on just how scientific we can be when it comes to speculating on the history of life on Earth.
It's easy to throw around words like crackpot, rogue, and maverick in describing the scientific fringe, but then papers like this one, from 2018, come along and leave us blinking owlishly, unsure of where to even begin.
A total of 33 names were listed as authors on this review, which was published by Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology back in August 2018. The journal is peer reviewed and fairly well cited. So it's not exactly small, or a niche pay-for-publish source.
Science writer Stephen Fleischfresser goes into depth on the background of two of the better known scientists involved: Edward Steele and Chandra Wickramasinghe. It's well worth a read.
For a tl;dr version, Steele is an immunologist who has a fringe reputation for his views on evolution that relies on acquiring gene changes determined by the influence of the environment rather than random mutations, in what he calls meta-Lamarckism.
Wickramasinghe, on the other hand, has had a somewhat less controversial career, recognized for empirically confirming Sir Fred Hoyle's hypothesis describing the production of complex carbon molecules on interstellar dust.
Wickramasinghe and Hoyle also happened to be responsible for another space biology thesis. Only this one is based on more than just the origins of organic chemistry.
The Hoyle Wickramasinghe (H-W) thesis of Cometary (Cosmic) Biology makes the rather simple claim that the direction of evolution has been significantly affected by biochemistry that didn't start on our planet.
In Wickramasinghe's own words, "Comets are the carriers and distributors of life in the cosmos, and life on Earth arose and developed as a result of cometary inputs."
Those inputs, Wickramasinghe argued, aren't limited to a generous sprinkling of space-baked amino acids, either.
Rather, they include viruses that insert themselves into organisms, pushing their evolution into whole new directions.
The report, titled "Cause of Cambrian Explosion – Terrestrial or Cosmic?", pulls on existing research to conclude that a rain of extra-terrestrial retroviruses played a key role in the diversification of life in our oceans roughly half a billion years ago.
"Thus retroviruses and other viruses hypothesized to be liberated in cometary debris trails both can potentially add new DNA sequences to terrestrial genomes and drive further mutagenic change within somatic and germline genomes," the authors wrote.
Let that sink in for a moment. And take a deep breath before continuing, because that was the tame part.
It was during this period that a group of mollusks known as cephalopods first stretched out their tentacles from beneath their shells, branching into a stunning array of sizes and shapes in what seemed like a remarkably short time frame.
The genetics of these organisms, which today include octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish, are as weird as the animals themselves, due in part to their ability to edit their DNA on the fly.
The authors of the paper make the rather audacious claim that these genetic oddities might be a sign of life from space.
Not of space viruses this time, but the arrival of whole genomes frozen in stasis before thawing out in our tepid waters.
"Thus the possibility that cryopreserved squid and/or octopus eggs, arrived in icy bolides several hundred million years ago should not be discounted," they wrote.
In his review of the paper, medical researcher Keith Baverstock from the University of Eastern Finland conceded that there's a lot of evidence that plausibly aligns with the H-W thesis, such as the curious timeline of the appearance of viruses.
But that's just not how science advances.
"I believe this paper justifies skepticism of the scientific value of stand alone theories of the origin of life," Baverstock argued at the time.
"The weight of plausible, but non-definitive, evidence, great though that might be, is not the point."
While the idea is as novel and exciting as it is provocative, nothing in the summary helps us better understand the history of life on Earth any better than existing conjectures, adding little of value to our model of evolution.
Still, with solid caveats in place, maybe science can cope with a generous dose of crazy every now and then.
Journal editor Denis Noble concedes that 'further research is needed', which is a bit of an understatement.
But given the developments regarding space-based organic chemistry in recent years, there's room for discussion.
"As space chemistry and biology grows in importance it is appropriate for a journal devoted to the interface between physics and biology to encourage the debates," said Noble.
"In the future, the ideas will surely become testable."
Just in case those tests confirm speculations, we recommend being well prepared for the return of our cephalopod overlords. Who knows when they'll want those eggs back?
This research was published in Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology.
A version of this article was first published in August 2018.
I can’t remember. I know Elen took a scuba diving class at the Monroe Aquatic Center, but I don’t know if Tom took it as well. Probably: he’d have been the one who could drive. I don’t think he’s actually gone diving, though.
I, too, was the draggee (sounds Indian) until I took dog lessons. They give you a book that explains the theory and everything. I truly thought that the P-S would be the first dog in Petsmart history to flunk out of the course, but he passed! Anyway, having been dragged around by a few giant dogs, I wished that I would have done it sooner. Life was a lot easier after the lessons.
This so silly. Anyone in the know can tell you they came from Tiamat when that planet came apart. It was a watery wolrd don’tchaknow.
BTW, don't we have a few plesiosaurs around here? I don't recall having any pterodactyls.
Are we referring to Humboldt squids, unruly dogs, pterodactyls. plesiosaurs or wire mesh diving suits here?
Oh, OK. Just looked it up. Please excuse. Going to have a good, strong cup of tea to recover from the brain strain.
You would think, but apparently they work quite well at what they’re supposed to do. It evidently (IIRC) direct the charge around the body rather than through it.
It’s been a few years since I saw the documentary (I was still in Hooterville Junction) so I may have a few things misremembered. A lot of information has gone through this old bean since then!
Just a bronze age gal trapped in a techno-world?
Tom is adventurous enough that he may have taken the classes and/or gone diving. It certainly wouldn’t surprise me.
The plesiosaurs are probably still in the moat where Bob left them. Who knows what mischief they’ve been up to since we left Loch Ness?
I was referring to Octopi, not me.
It was tiamat’s tagline.
To speak of the dead is to bring them to life ~ Egyptian proverb.
And I was being facetious.
Good morning. Happy Friday Eve!
I did a little bit of owrk yesterday but mostly I rested. I don’t know if the headache was due to the bug or not having coffee in the morning.
At any rate, the fever is gone and I’ve been able to keep a couple of saltines down. We’ll see how this day goes.
6°s out. Tyson’s peepee trip was very short.
I hope you feel better soon! It’s foggy and drizzly here. The thermostat says 70 Fs in the dining room, but my feet are ice.
Stay hydrated, my FRiend.
I like that proverb! Tiamat has been on my mind for several weeks now, for what it’s worth.
Kitteh sez, “Dis ain’t Monday, so I ain’t takin’ no guff!”
Good morning.
Did you sleep well?
I was going to, but FD had other ideas. She still watches alphabet news and texted me with her fears about Putin and his posturing and trying to start a war. I told her to shut the dang thing off and remember that faith drives out fear. She’s so susceptible to suggestion, and except for the fact that she owns a handgun, one would think she was on the Left. So fearful.
Anyway, it was almost 2300 before I finally fell out.
It’s 19° this morning with freezing rain, so the northern third of the state is going to come to a halt again. We may have a high of 34° by tomorrow.
It’s 70° in here and 66° in the bedroom. My hands feel like popsicles.
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