Posted on 12/29/2021 5:57:37 AM PST by Red Badger
A summary of decades of research on a rather 'out-there' idea involving viruses from space raises questions on just how scientific we can be when it comes to speculating on the history of life on Earth.
It's easy to throw around words like crackpot, rogue, and maverick in describing the scientific fringe, but then papers like this one, from 2018, come along and leave us blinking owlishly, unsure of where to even begin.
A total of 33 names were listed as authors on this review, which was published by Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology back in August 2018. The journal is peer reviewed and fairly well cited. So it's not exactly small, or a niche pay-for-publish source.
Science writer Stephen Fleischfresser goes into depth on the background of two of the better known scientists involved: Edward Steele and Chandra Wickramasinghe. It's well worth a read.
For a tl;dr version, Steele is an immunologist who has a fringe reputation for his views on evolution that relies on acquiring gene changes determined by the influence of the environment rather than random mutations, in what he calls meta-Lamarckism.
Wickramasinghe, on the other hand, has had a somewhat less controversial career, recognized for empirically confirming Sir Fred Hoyle's hypothesis describing the production of complex carbon molecules on interstellar dust.
Wickramasinghe and Hoyle also happened to be responsible for another space biology thesis. Only this one is based on more than just the origins of organic chemistry.
The Hoyle Wickramasinghe (H-W) thesis of Cometary (Cosmic) Biology makes the rather simple claim that the direction of evolution has been significantly affected by biochemistry that didn't start on our planet.
In Wickramasinghe's own words, "Comets are the carriers and distributors of life in the cosmos, and life on Earth arose and developed as a result of cometary inputs."
Those inputs, Wickramasinghe argued, aren't limited to a generous sprinkling of space-baked amino acids, either.
Rather, they include viruses that insert themselves into organisms, pushing their evolution into whole new directions.
The report, titled "Cause of Cambrian Explosion – Terrestrial or Cosmic?", pulls on existing research to conclude that a rain of extra-terrestrial retroviruses played a key role in the diversification of life in our oceans roughly half a billion years ago.
"Thus retroviruses and other viruses hypothesized to be liberated in cometary debris trails both can potentially add new DNA sequences to terrestrial genomes and drive further mutagenic change within somatic and germline genomes," the authors wrote.
Let that sink in for a moment. And take a deep breath before continuing, because that was the tame part.
It was during this period that a group of mollusks known as cephalopods first stretched out their tentacles from beneath their shells, branching into a stunning array of sizes and shapes in what seemed like a remarkably short time frame.
The genetics of these organisms, which today include octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish, are as weird as the animals themselves, due in part to their ability to edit their DNA on the fly.
The authors of the paper make the rather audacious claim that these genetic oddities might be a sign of life from space.
Not of space viruses this time, but the arrival of whole genomes frozen in stasis before thawing out in our tepid waters.
"Thus the possibility that cryopreserved squid and/or octopus eggs, arrived in icy bolides several hundred million years ago should not be discounted," they wrote.
In his review of the paper, medical researcher Keith Baverstock from the University of Eastern Finland conceded that there's a lot of evidence that plausibly aligns with the H-W thesis, such as the curious timeline of the appearance of viruses.
But that's just not how science advances.
"I believe this paper justifies skepticism of the scientific value of stand alone theories of the origin of life," Baverstock argued at the time.
"The weight of plausible, but non-definitive, evidence, great though that might be, is not the point."
While the idea is as novel and exciting as it is provocative, nothing in the summary helps us better understand the history of life on Earth any better than existing conjectures, adding little of value to our model of evolution.
Still, with solid caveats in place, maybe science can cope with a generous dose of crazy every now and then.
Journal editor Denis Noble concedes that 'further research is needed', which is a bit of an understatement.
But given the developments regarding space-based organic chemistry in recent years, there's room for discussion.
"As space chemistry and biology grows in importance it is appropriate for a journal devoted to the interface between physics and biology to encourage the debates," said Noble.
"In the future, the ideas will surely become testable."
Just in case those tests confirm speculations, we recommend being well prepared for the return of our cephalopod overlords. Who knows when they'll want those eggs back?
This research was published in Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology.
A version of this article was first published in August 2018.
My own midsection is a little south, as well. I’m going to sit in my heated chair now.
I didn’t know you had a heated chair! Would that be pre-heated by a cat?
I forgot to get a birthday card today, even though it was on my list.
OH Yeah, i got cold... 9 right now but will be down to 4 by morning
haven’t got the coof yet knock on wood
thank you for keeping me in the loop, i don’t post much but do stop bye so see wut’s up 8^)
My birthday chair with the electric blanket. I found Vlad in it and kicked him out.
But...but...the mauling is tradition!
Okay...I guess.
Thanks. Still learning - one day I’ll get it I’m sure!
I used to do a monthly ping, just to remind everyone that we’re still here, so maybe I should get back to that. Too many people think we’re the Dead Thread. I need to remind them of our name, I think!
Yeah, that a little on the chilly side, Chode! And I don’t have the coof, either. I don’t want it, truth be known!
It’s good to hear from you!
;o]
Yes, it is a tradition, but only on the Lower Levels! The hired help gets a little testy if they have to clean up the Habitats after a mauling session. They complain because they weren’t in on the fun.
Unless you can think of some way to bribe them, we’d like to keep it out of sight.
;o]
“They watched Resident Alien.”
Exactly what I was thinking. Poor wise-cracking octopus was kidnapped this week.
How dare anyone sit in your chair (with the electric blanket) without permission?
Shouldn’t Vlad be a Backing and Turning Driving Adventure? Or is that scheduled for another day? I’m all confused, now!
LOLOL!!! welcome aboard
as bad as a Viking Kitty attack
Exactly! :o])
He can back and turn on Sunday or Monday. They know they’re not allowed to sit in my chair, EVER. Only me and cats.
I get that. Your chair is your chair, and you can designate who is allowed to sit in it. Or not. And cats. Cats can sit in it!
Dis MAI fud!
Good morning. Did you sleep well?
If my alarm hadn’t rung, I’d still be asleep. Unngh. Stupid water heater.
Not bad, thanks. Jake, though. On my pillow, complaining about my not sleeping on my back all the time. He’ll start staying out all night and killing things when it’s warmer.
Hmpf. Cats. But they’re so warm and purr so nicely!
I think I logged 10 hours, and if it weren’t for the alarm, it might have been more.
At any rate, the Fitbit logged it as eight hours, and I know that’s wrong. I contacted them on Thursday, I think, but they evidently don’t want to replace a wonky bracelet, because they gave me all kinds of solutions to fix problems I’m not having with it. I told them they’d be hearing from me again.
Anyway, I need to head for the shower. I think the water is hot enough. I hope.
That is great!
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