Posted on 12/29/2021 5:57:37 AM PST by Red Badger
A summary of decades of research on a rather 'out-there' idea involving viruses from space raises questions on just how scientific we can be when it comes to speculating on the history of life on Earth.
It's easy to throw around words like crackpot, rogue, and maverick in describing the scientific fringe, but then papers like this one, from 2018, come along and leave us blinking owlishly, unsure of where to even begin.
A total of 33 names were listed as authors on this review, which was published by Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology back in August 2018. The journal is peer reviewed and fairly well cited. So it's not exactly small, or a niche pay-for-publish source.
Science writer Stephen Fleischfresser goes into depth on the background of two of the better known scientists involved: Edward Steele and Chandra Wickramasinghe. It's well worth a read.
For a tl;dr version, Steele is an immunologist who has a fringe reputation for his views on evolution that relies on acquiring gene changes determined by the influence of the environment rather than random mutations, in what he calls meta-Lamarckism.
Wickramasinghe, on the other hand, has had a somewhat less controversial career, recognized for empirically confirming Sir Fred Hoyle's hypothesis describing the production of complex carbon molecules on interstellar dust.
Wickramasinghe and Hoyle also happened to be responsible for another space biology thesis. Only this one is based on more than just the origins of organic chemistry.
The Hoyle Wickramasinghe (H-W) thesis of Cometary (Cosmic) Biology makes the rather simple claim that the direction of evolution has been significantly affected by biochemistry that didn't start on our planet.
In Wickramasinghe's own words, "Comets are the carriers and distributors of life in the cosmos, and life on Earth arose and developed as a result of cometary inputs."
Those inputs, Wickramasinghe argued, aren't limited to a generous sprinkling of space-baked amino acids, either.
Rather, they include viruses that insert themselves into organisms, pushing their evolution into whole new directions.
The report, titled "Cause of Cambrian Explosion – Terrestrial or Cosmic?", pulls on existing research to conclude that a rain of extra-terrestrial retroviruses played a key role in the diversification of life in our oceans roughly half a billion years ago.
"Thus retroviruses and other viruses hypothesized to be liberated in cometary debris trails both can potentially add new DNA sequences to terrestrial genomes and drive further mutagenic change within somatic and germline genomes," the authors wrote.
Let that sink in for a moment. And take a deep breath before continuing, because that was the tame part.
It was during this period that a group of mollusks known as cephalopods first stretched out their tentacles from beneath their shells, branching into a stunning array of sizes and shapes in what seemed like a remarkably short time frame.
The genetics of these organisms, which today include octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish, are as weird as the animals themselves, due in part to their ability to edit their DNA on the fly.
The authors of the paper make the rather audacious claim that these genetic oddities might be a sign of life from space.
Not of space viruses this time, but the arrival of whole genomes frozen in stasis before thawing out in our tepid waters.
"Thus the possibility that cryopreserved squid and/or octopus eggs, arrived in icy bolides several hundred million years ago should not be discounted," they wrote.
In his review of the paper, medical researcher Keith Baverstock from the University of Eastern Finland conceded that there's a lot of evidence that plausibly aligns with the H-W thesis, such as the curious timeline of the appearance of viruses.
But that's just not how science advances.
"I believe this paper justifies skepticism of the scientific value of stand alone theories of the origin of life," Baverstock argued at the time.
"The weight of plausible, but non-definitive, evidence, great though that might be, is not the point."
While the idea is as novel and exciting as it is provocative, nothing in the summary helps us better understand the history of life on Earth any better than existing conjectures, adding little of value to our model of evolution.
Still, with solid caveats in place, maybe science can cope with a generous dose of crazy every now and then.
Journal editor Denis Noble concedes that 'further research is needed', which is a bit of an understatement.
But given the developments regarding space-based organic chemistry in recent years, there's room for discussion.
"As space chemistry and biology grows in importance it is appropriate for a journal devoted to the interface between physics and biology to encourage the debates," said Noble.
"In the future, the ideas will surely become testable."
Just in case those tests confirm speculations, we recommend being well prepared for the return of our cephalopod overlords. Who knows when they'll want those eggs back?
This research was published in Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology.
A version of this article was first published in August 2018.
Now I'm sitting at a client site where they recently hired in a few more people. The desk I normally sit at when I'm here is occupied, so I'm sitting in the lunch room. It's something on the order of 80oF in here...
Should have brought a swim suit and a tanning light. ;-)
Once it gets to 0°, I’ve about had my limit of “Cold Knowledge.” If it drops any more after that, it’s not going to feel any colder to me. It doesn’t matter. I won’t be warm again until I feel the sun and the air is 100° with 7% humidity. Yep. Desert Girl.
Good luck on your day. Hopefully, you’ll be just what someone needs...;o]
Do you still have the forge?
Took me six again. Hmpf.
I have one of those neck-beeber lights, so the light is on either side and can be directed away from a bed partner. Nice gift for someone who likes to read in the dark while someone else is trying to do the sleep-thing.
I’ll be staying in again today, except perhaps a trip to the dumpster when the sun is on my front door for a while.
An odd approach for today:
Wordle 221 4/6
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Based on some of the temperatures being discussed in this thread, we in Central Texas are in a very temperate climate!
Having the keys is probably good idea.
Of course. Haven't done much with it the last year or so though. Basic repairs around the house, some hinges, a gate latch, new bracket for part of the lawn tractor...
After my first two words, I didn’t think it would come at all.
I’m not that far away from you, and yet, the temps would say otherwise!
The difference in latitudes can be quite a factor this time of the year!
True. I’m just northeast of Little Rock, now.
I don’t know how that compares to where you are, but when I lived in TX I was in Del Rio. Christmas one year I was there was bitterly cold.
MO was freezing and snowy. IL the same (the shores of Lake Michigan) as was SD. I’m no stranger to the South/Midwest, but I’m ALWAYS surprised by the cold!
*tagline*
It’s sunny here. We’ll go on a Vlad Driving Adventure to the library once the kids have their lunch.
I’m still trying to warm up. Some knitted hand warmers are next on my agenda, as soon as I can find suitable yarn.
The sun is shining, and it sounds like Malcom is in the storage shed, but no telling if anything in my place will get done today. It would be nice if he would put in a new threshold. Then it wouldn’t be such a chore to open the door to go outside.
Good luck on your Vlad Driving Adventure!
I hope he hasn’t forgotten everything.
Maybe he’s been dreaming about it, and if so, that’s a good thing!
:o]
Good Luck with all that is ….. and Prayers
Depends on how it turns out!
Truth!
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