Physics giant Wolfgang Pauli told a friend in 1930, "I have done something very bad today." Pauli's sin was "proposing a particle that cannot be detected," which he lamented "is something no theorist should ever do." Three years later, Enrico Fermi christened Pauli's ghost particle the "neutrino." In 1951, physicists Frederick Reines and Clyde Cowen first detected man-made neutrinos in an experiment at a nuclear reactor in South Carolina. Later, researcher Ray Davis detected solar neutrinos at his famous experiment 4,850 feet underground in the Homestake gold mine in Lead. The Homestake rock shielded his detector from interfering cosmic rays....