In response, the FCC in 1971 promulgated a "Primer on Ascertainment of Community Problems," which, as amended through 1976, remained in effect until their deregulation of radio in 1981 and television in 1984. The Primer required that stations conduct interviews with community leaders, solicit and maintain public files of comments about programming, and make the public aware of the station's duty to address community issues. Stations were also required to file Problems/Programs Lists with the FCC, outlining community problems and listing specific programs broadcast to address them. The Lists, never popular with broadcasters (Hafer & Fletcher, 1983; Heller, 1981), tended...