Posted on 04/11/2003 5:14:00 AM PDT by Asher
Genetic evidence links Jews to their ancient tribe
By Judy Siegel
JERUSALEM (November 20) - Genetic evidence continues to provide additional proof to the claims that the Jewish people are descended from a common ancient Israelite father: Despite being separated for over 1,000 years, Sephardi Jews of North African origin are genetically indistinguishable from their brethren from Iraq, according to The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
They also proved that Sephardi Jews are very close genetically to the Jews of Kurdistan, and only slight differences exist between these two groups and Ashkenazi Jews from Europe.
These conclusions are reached in an article published recently in the American Journal of Human Genetics and written by Prof. Ariella Oppenheim of the Hebrew University (HU) and Hadassah-University Hospital in Ein Kerem.
Others involved are German doctoral student Almut Nebel, Dr. Marina Faerman of HU, Dr. Dvora Filon of Hadassah-University Hospital, and other colleagues from Germany and India.
The researchers conducted blood tests of Ashkenazi, Sephardi and Kurdish Jews and examined their Y chromosomes, which are carried only by males. They then compared them with those of various Arab groups - Palestinians, Beduins, Jordanians, Syrians and Lebanese - as well as to non-Arab populations from Transcaucasia - Turks, Armenians and Moslem Kurds.
The study is based on 526 Y chromosomes typed by the Israeli team and additional data on 1,321 individuals from 12 populations. The typing of the Jewish groups was performed at the National Genome Center at HU's Silberman Institute of Life Sciences.
The Fertile Crescent of the Middle East was one of the few centers in which the transition from hunting-gathering to permanent settlement and agriculture took place. Genetic studies suggest that migrating Neolithic farmers dispersed their technological innovations and domesticated animals from the Middle East towards Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia.
Studies of Y chromosomes have become powerful tools for the investigation of the genetic history of males, since these chromosomes are transmitted from fathers to sons.
Surprisingly, the study shows a closer genetic affinity by Jews to the non-Jewish, non-Arab populations in the northern part of the Middle East than to Arabs. These findings are consistent with known cultural links that existed among populations in the Fertile Crescent in early history, and indicate that the Jews are direct descendants of the early Middle Eastern core populations, which later divided into distinct ethnic groups speaking different languages.
Previous investigations by the HU researchers suggested a common origin for Jewish and non-Jewish populations living in the Middle East. The current study refines and delineates that connection.
It is believed that the majority of today's Jews - not including converts and non-Jews with whom Jews intermarried - descended from the ancient Israelis that lived in the historic Land of Israel until the destruction of the Second Temple and their dispersal into the Diaspora.
The researchers say that a genetic analysis of the chromosomes of Jews from various countries show that there was practically no genetic intermixing between them and the host populations among which they were scattered during their dispersion - whether in Eastern Europe, Spain, Portugal or North Africa.
A particularly intriguing case illustrating this is that of the Kurdish Jews, said to be the descendants of the Ten Tribes of Israel who were exiled in 723 BCE. to the area known today as Kurdistan, located in Northern Iraq, Iran and Eastern Turkey. They continued to live there as a separate entity until their immigration to Israel in the 1950s. The Kurdish Jews of today show a much greater affinity to their fellow Jews elsewhere than to the Kurdish Moslems.
(Source: The Jerusalem Post Newspaper)
Actually, if that is a prerequisite assumption for you in scientific inquiry, that's where it ends, not where anything starts.
That is the single most important statement and concession you have ever offered.
Linguistics and genetics are merely "hobby horses" for academics who have to publish or perish. To insist they are of more than trivial importance, let along significant importance in determining the fate of ancient peoples is mind boggling.
}Therefore, if the Lost Tribes of Israel became the European Caucasians, we should expect to find at least some of the evidence requested.
No, there is not a reason "we should expect to find at least some of the evidence requested" since the evidence you persist in requesting is trivial at best and you know such evidence is not available "as proof" for this discussion or any other discussion involving ancient people. That method of discussion (or debate) is totally disingenuous. To persist in it like a stubborn and spoiled child is to merely toss tyrds in the punchbowl of intelligent intellectual pursuit. I don't believe that is why most participants are here.
The smooth and slippery talk smugly and rudely ignores the answers of others. To wit:The primary types of evidence include the written word in the form of contemperaneous histories, diaries of every type, oral tradition, etc. The Bible is one example, and other scrolls and "documents" like the Behistun Rock, the Rosetta stone, and zillions of clay tablets and archeological artifacts from everywhere.
}It's always interesting to see requests for "substantial evidence" from those who provide none.
That is a breathtaking response coming from one who only makes requests and ignores or kisses off the evidence, suggestions, even the dialogue of others, and contributes so very little of value.
I'm sorry your mind is stuck on this single narrow gauge track to nowhere, but it is. So have a nice weekend, get some sunshine and fresh air, clean the wax out of your ears and don't watch too much TV. {ggg}.
Regards.
http://www.geocities.com/hiberi/
and also http://www.mim.net/
check Batya Wootens book "Who Is Israel" there is no refuting the theory...that's my belief. God promised Abrahem that his seed would fill the earth as the stars in the sky...I don't think God lied.
What a quaint, cartoonish notion. So due to an 'angels dancing on the head of a pin' level concern regarding translations of the bible, the entirety of linguistic science doesn't exist.
I wonder if you'd be interested in buying a perpetual motion brick that I recently picked up. I'll even thrown in my yeti pelt that I got from the Elohim.
Where are you getting this nonsense?
The term Caucasian meaning the so-called white or European race originated with Johann Frederich Blumenbach (1752-1840), a German professor of natural history in Göttingen. He consider humanity as an just another aspect of nature. He surveyed and classified characteristics of human 'races', mapped their distribution, and invented comparative physiological anatomy. Based on skull measurements, he classified five races: American, Caucasian, Ethiopian, Malayan, and Mongolian.
The word "Caucasus" is from the Greek Kaukasos (Mt Caucasus), which gave the region its name.
So you can only go back to a "German professor" for your history, only back to 1752-1840.
That's as far back as anyone can go because he invented the word. IOW, before he thought it up, it the word 'caucasian' didn't exist.
What year was it when those "ten tribes" went captive?
How is that relevant to your specious claim about the history the word caucasian?
Better start digging you got a lot of time to catch up.
Better start thinking; it will no doubt drown out those voices in your head.
That means a lot, coming from someone who not only misattributes the etymology of a particular word to support a historical theory, but also thinks that the science of lingustics doesn't even exist.
Your method of intimidation has been going on a very long time and you have perfected the art.
If pointing out factual evidence to counter fallacious claims is what you consider intimidating, I'm guilty as charged.
Are the YWH bunch still ok with the trinity?
WARNING WARNING WARNING!!! Some of this material is racist and may be offensive in nature. The Following information is presented only to demonstrate the SOURCE of information being relied on by Just mythoughts and others on this thread.
Tracing our Ancestors by Frederick Haberman
This book was originally published under the title: "Tracing our White Ancestors." The very first web link to Frederick Haberman is to the Christian Identity like "America's Promise Ministry" web-site that offers the following logo:
A cursory reading of their site leads one to the extensive reliance on the writings and "research" of one E. Raymond Capt about whom we will see more later in this post.
Another Haberman link takes us to The Panzer Catalog Site where, along with Fredrick Haberman's
we find such offerings as:
Ian Stuart, Nazi Rock Star
And other such "wholesome" titles as:
offered for sale. Disgusting.
Next, we have offered us the "authoritative" source:
Dan The pioneer of Israel. By Colonel J. C. Gawler (His early enterprise his settlements, and connection with the Scythians.
Dan: The Pioneer of Israel
by Colonel J. C. Gawler
Gawler, the Keeper of the Crown Jewels in the late 1800's, traces the migrations of the Tribe of Dan by their tendency to stamp their tribal name on various locales. New 40 page stapleback. Reprint of 1880 edition.
Gawler's book (no, PAMPHLET) is offered for sale on such "credible" historical sites as Aryan Nation, and Christian Identity. There apparently are no peer reviewed works by Gawler.
Then, surprisingly, we are offered:
The Witness of the Stars, E.W. Bullinger
Gee. Someone who has some authority... A legitimate scholar. .. but not recent. Exactly what does Bullinger add to your argument? AT least his stuff is apparently not pushed on White Supremacist sites.
One Man's Destiny, by E.R. Dickey
Another author found primarily on Aryan Nation's Catalog.
The next "scholar" is a published author and quite famous in his real profession... amazing... and really histerically funny that he is a "source" for this claptrap!
The Drama of the Lost Disciples, by George F. Jowett
This is the ONLY "history" book written by Jowett... his other offerings were, shall we say, targeted to a completely different audience. Here is an example of one of his advertisements:
Judah' Sceptre/Josheph's Birthright by J.H. Allen
Another "prolific" one book author, non peer-reviewed and only citing his own interpretation of the Bible as his sources.
Sargon the Magnificent by Mrs. Sydney Bristowe
Another ONE BOOK (pamphlet) non-SCHOLAR, un peer-reviewed with no degrees or authority. The book is sold on Aryan Nation's web-site.
St. Paul in Britain by R.W. Morgan
From a web-based book store review:
19th-century book purporting to prove that Paul of Tarsus was not martyred in Rome but instead went to Britain to preach the gospel. It may have to do with Anglo-Israelism, or it may tie in with the Priory of Sion theory or something like it... The introduction by the always-fascinating Reverend Gene Scott, in which he offers his support of the author's theory, and also offers a version of the 29th chapter of the Book of the Acts of the Apostles -- which is interesting because, you see, most people would agree that the Book of the Acts of the Apostles has only 28 chapters to begin with. Could this late-appearing chapter, published in a late 18th-century travel book by a Frenchman with an unaccountably Italian name, be a forgery? "It's absurd to think that he deliberately invented the manuscript. He was a Frenchman!" Scott reasons.
The manuscript even reveals the exact spot in Britain where Paul preached: Mount Lud, which Scott explains is "Broadway and Ludgate. Where do you think they got the idea to build the church?" You guessed it: he means St. Paul's Cathedral. Tidy, no?
R.W. Morgan must have been the prototype of the father in My Big Fat Greek Wedding... but he was fixated on the Welsh, not the greeks:
In "Celts and Druids, Who Were They?" Celtic historian E. A. Holmes reports on Morgan's 'theory:"
One of the most colorful theories of the origins of the Celts traces their ancestry to Noah and his Ark. In 1857 the Reverend R. W. Morgan had no doubt at all that the Cymry (pronounced "Kumrie") were descendants of Chomr, or Gomer, eldest son of Japhet, who was the eldest son of Noah.
In his The British Kymry or Britons of Cambria one learns how the Kymry determined, under the guidance of Hu Gadarn, to seek again the White Island of the West where their father, Dwy Van, had built the ship of Nevydd Nav Neivion. Not only were they successful in their resolve, but in the process of carrying it out they colonized Umbria in Northern Italy, Liguria in Italy and Gaul, and Armorica, now known as Brittany, and gave Welsh names to all the places through which they passed.
Thus we have the Alps (meaning in Welsh "Rocky Mounts"), the Rhone (meaning "River of Eddies"), Arar ("Slow River"), and Gascony ("Gwasgwyn"-- the Vine Land). The name "Armorica" is "ar y mor ucha," which translates as "on the Upper Sea." It is so much like another name, "America," also on the Upper Sea, that one wonders why the Rev. Morgan didn't claim that another of his Kymric tribes sailed on across the Atlantic! Not content with peopling the Western world with his Kymry, our author claimed they also colonized India and the Middle East. The Greeks were either cousins or descendants of the Kymry, and Jove, Venus, Hercules, Jason, and Helen of Troy were all Welsh! We are also told it was a descendant of the defeated Trojans, Brutus, who came to Britain and founded Caer Troian, afterwards called Caer Llud -- now London.
Did I mention that Morgan only wrote one book... in 1857?
Abrahamic Covenant by E. Raymond Capt
Traditions of Glastonbury by E. Raymond Capt
Scottish Declaration of Independence by E. Raymond Capt
Finally... this brings us to E. Raymond Capt, the fairhaired boy of the Lost Tribe theorists, who accounts for THREE, count'em, three, citations from the list of eleven.
Here is my research on this fraudulent "scholar" from a long deleted thread on FreeRepublic of 12/28/2002:
--------------------------------
Here is a dust-jacket like, thumbnail biography of E. Raymond Capt from the Artisan Publishers Website. (bold items stressed by Swordmaker)
----------------------------
E. Raymond Capt
At first glance one might think E. Raymond Capt must be an ordained minister. He quotes chapter and verses from the Scriptures and tells about Bible characters in a flowing narrative which would credit any pulpit. What he's been for over forty years, though, is a practicing archaeologist - not always digging to unearth ancient remains but in recent years, sifting through known archaeological findings to shed new light on the history of the Bible.
Capt holds a Master of arts degree in Christian History and Biblical Archaeology from Covenant College, Lake Wales, Florida, and California State teaching credentials in BIBLICAL Archaeology and History. He is also a member of the Archaeological Institute of America. In addition to writing, Capt has produced and presents slide and film lectures on Biblical Archaeology. These have been enjoyed by clubs, churches and schools in many states and in Great Britain.
In 1972 Capt was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland and in 1976 received an honorary Doctorate of Literature, (Doctor Literarum Honoris Causa) from the Accademia Testina Per Le Scienze, (established A.D. 450) Pescara, Italy.
----------------------------
A search of the Web finds only one Covenant College in the United States. It is in Lookout Mountain, Georgia, where it has been since 1964. Before that it was located for 8 years in St. Loius, Missouri, and prior to that for one year in Pasadena, California, where it was founded in 1955. A search of Lake Wales, Florida, shows no "Covenant College" in the area. There may once have been such a college but most likely not since 1955 when the currently existing Covenant College claimed the name.
Another search of the web brought me to the California State Government pages where one can look up the teaching credentials of persons holding such credentials. A search for the last name of "Capt" finds no teacher credentialled in California in the last 13 years with that name. The database admits that it is not totally inclusive and "may not retrieve data for credentials issued prior to 1989. However, it is unlikely that the State of California has ever issued a teaching credential in "Biblical Archaeology" since it is doubtful such a credential exists. "Biblical Archaeology" is a specific single subject as is "History" and would require a teacher to hold a valid single subject teaching credential. The California Commission of Teacher Credentialling lists the following as valid single subject credentials:
The statutory subjects available for California Single Subject Teaching Credentials are as follows
Agriculture
Art
Business
English
Health Science
Home Economics Industrial and Technology Education
Language Other Than English (specify)
Mathematics
Music
Physical Education
Science: Biological Sciences
Science: Chemistry
Science: Geosciences
Science: Physics
Social Science
I do not see "Biblical Archeaology" on that list.
I believe that E. Raymond Capt's college degree has been issued by a non-existant college (at least it doesn't exist where he says it is) and that his claims to a degree is a fraud, or at best was issued in exchange for a fee from a "diploma mill" where a cactus could get a doctorate with the appropriate amount of money changing hands.
His membership in the "Archaeological Institute of America" is equivalent to being a member of the National Georgraphic Society"... anyone can join by subscribing. This means NOTHING.
The "Society of Antiquaries of Scotland" is a venerable and honorable society with 3000 fellows. There is, however, no way of currently searching their site for active members nor inquiring with their officials about Capt's "fellowship" as they are currently on a holiday hiatus. However, seeing as only ONE BLACKBALL from a member can prevent the election of a new member, it is highly unlikely that someone with the lack of legitimate credentials and peer-reviewed publications as Capt could make it into membership. This is inconclusive.
Finally, a search of the World Wide Web for "Accademia Testina Per Le Scienze" where he received his "honorary doctorate of Literature" has exactly ONE (count'em, 1) citation on a Google search - Artisan Publishing's Website, in Capt's biography! For an organization supposedly established in 450 A.D., it is remarkably invisible on the web. Isn't that an AMAZING date for the establishment of this "Accademia" (also interesting spelling). Only the Catholic Church may be an older institution! I think this is more of Capt's creative and imaginative scholarship.
Even Capt's own biography does not stand up to even cursory scrutiny. If his biography is a fraud, then so are his aspirations to scholarship, and so are the products of his "scholarship!"
Now, PaulKersey, would you care to repeat your "lazy asses" comment? I think you are probably well qualified to fetch the items you asked about...
Incientally, exactly WHAT planet is Capt from? Look at the globe in the background of his photo... hehehe.
---------------------------------
Only one bonefide scholar in the bunch... and his work is only vaguely related to the topic at hand. The rest are charlatans or amatuers with pet theories. These are not sources for anything except gales of laughter.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.