Posted on 09/02/2025 7:05:07 AM PDT by SunkenCiv
Massive 2,800-year-old Dam Discovered In Ancient Jerusalem | 32:52
Armstrong Institute of Biblical Archaeology
44.5K subscribers | 23,824 views | August 29, 2025
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--> YouTube-Generated Transcript <-- 0:07 · [Music] 0:13 · Hello and welcome back to Let the Stones Speak. I'm Brent Nagal, the host of the program. I've got to talk to you about 0:19 · this amazing discovery that's just taken place in the city of David, ancient Jerusalem. Uh they have carbonated a 0:25 · massive dam wall that's over 11 mters um high at the bottom of the city of David 0:31 · connecting what's known as the city of David to the western hill basically bridging this this valley the Tyropoeon 0:37 · valley and they've dated it to 2,800 years ago predating I think some of the 0:43 · best estimates by about a hundred years um but we didn't have any conclusive evidence of the dating and so this is 0:49 · really important it's it's making headlines uh all through Israel and then some other places in the world as well 0:56 · just because it puts the dating of this huge construction back into the time pe period of the biblical kings. So what 1:04 · we're going to do for today's program is watch a little video that the city of David and the antiquities authority 1:09 · produced. Uh and then we are going to discuss the underlying research paper 1:14 · about this discovery or let's just say the dating of this discovery and then 1:19 · I'll share with you some my some of my thoughts about what are the ramifications in terms of uh biblical 1:25 · history and archaeology that this discovery has. So, first of all, let's go to this video. Really well produced 1:31 · uh by the Antiquities Authority and and the City of David Foundation alongside the Wiseman Institute. Here it is. 2:00 · [Music] 2:10 · [Music] forch. 2:22 · [Music] 3:01 · So the unique thing about our lab is that we actually come and take the samples ourselves in the field. 3:30 · We took three different mortal samples from the three places and took straw out 3:36 · of them. Basically, they all gave the exact same measurement, 800 BC. 3:57 · We have been working in Jerusalem already more than 10 years. It was a great surprise to see that many other 4:04 · buildings indeed related to water were dated at the same time. When we saw 4:11 · this, a question came of course why? What happened around 800 in these 4:18 · centuries? We saw and we could explain this uh huge activity in building for 4:26 · water accumulation to build the relation to the climate change. And so the people 4:31 · in Jerusalem understood that if I want to survive here with this very seldom, 4:37 · very random climate, I need a reservoir. 5:07 · So yeah, phenomenal discovery here. They've linked it to climate change uh 5:13 · and some of the the um influx of drought and then also flash floods during the 5:18 · 9th century. And perhaps this is the reason why they decided to dam off these areas to to build a reservoir. Uh we'll 5:25 · talk a little bit about that, but I mainly want to focus on the construction 5:30 · um when this was constructed, when it was built, and and then some of the ramifications for dating of things in 5:37 · the city of David from archaeology including the the science of carbon 14 5:42 · or radiocarbon dating as well. First, let's go to the paper itself. Uh this paper was published in the PNAS journal. 5:49 · It's entitled radiocarbon dating of Jerusalem Salom Dam links climate data and major waterworks. So you got a 5:56 · couple of ideas here. One is we've got a huge dam. They've just been uncovering it for the past year and a half. We've 6:02 · walked down there me many times and seen their um their work that they've done um 6:07 · removing this what is known as the Siloam Pool. Uh that's what it's known by today. Um, and they've been removing 6:14 · this and then as they got to the bottom of it, they've also done some recently done some carbon sampling as well. And 6:21 · so this is part of the paper and then also they are linking it together with other dating of water features that 6:28 · they've done previously around the spring itself known as the spring tower and then also a sistern more in the 6:34 · northwestern part of the ancient city of David. Now this is important because they are trying to link all three of 6:39 · these water installations to sometime in the 9th century and then putting it together what else happened during the 9th century well there was a change in 6:46 · the climate and so on. Now I think the best part of this article is probably from the newest element that they're 6:52 · adding um and that is the redating or the dating of this dam wall to 800 BC. 6:59 · So you'll remember that this the period of when things are dated or when things were built in Jerusalem is a pretty big 7:06 · deal. The Bible says that David was the original conqueror of Jerusalem around a thousand and then his son King Solomon. 7:12 · He's the builder of Jerusalem, greatly expanding the city towards the north. And then just when the city expanded 7:19 · from this eastern ridge, which includes the city of David, the Oll area, Mount Mariah, when it expands across the 7:26 · Tyropoeon Valley uh towards the west to the higher western hill, we don't really 7:32 · know. It's been up for debate for a long time. And so this anytime that we have 7:38 · earlier dating than preconceived or earlier dating than uh the scholy opinion is I think it's important 7:46 · because you are actually pushing back towards what would be more considered I would say a biblical date uh for some of 7:52 · these construction projects. Let's go to the paper. This is how the paper starts. 7:57 · Using wellestablished microarchchaeological sampling methods or this is the summary. We reached a 8:03 · precise radio radiocarbon date of 800 BC for the Saleom Pools monumental water 8:10 · dam in Jerusalem. This is a huge dam. Um my father actually did big dams like 8:16 · this or even bigger ones uh between valleys and things like this. So I remember as a young a young fell going 8:22 · out to work with him and he's got all the heavy machinery making these massive dam walls um to collect rainwater and 8:28 · things like this. And to think that, hey, this was done and put together 2,800 years ago with these monumental 8:35 · walls using ashlar stones. These are worked bedrock stones and then the whole thing being plastered. Um, it's it's 8:43 · it's it's amazing. I mean, it's 19 m long as you as you uh saw. It's 11 m 8:49 · high, uh 10 m wide in thickness because there's a lot of water pressure. Since 8:54 · you got that much water pressure on this, it needs to be quite quite thick. Okay, back to the paper. It says, this 9:01 · is how it begins. The need for water has always been a key factor for the placement of settlements in the Levant. 9:08 · Thus, it's no surprise that Jerusalem's earliest settlement was built around the Guhon spring, located in the eastern 9:14 · slope of the southeastern ridge, popularly known as the city of David. I don't know why this is in quotes. 9:22 · City of David. It's popular to put the city of David in quotes for some reason. um known as the city of David. That's 9:28 · the biblical terminology for this area. It's the city of David. So, I don't know why it necessarily has quotes. Although 9:33 · several ancient water systems elements have been exposed, the lack of absolute dating and vastly different attributed 9:40 · dates have made it impossible to consider them as a single system. With the new radiocarbon dates, a picture of 9:46 · a well planned and executed large water system is emerging. So it's putting together these three again water system 9:51 · in the north spring tower fortifications in the in the in the east and then in the south now we have this um pool. So 10:02 · it's going to go through some of the dating and we'll just start with this. I think it's a little bit easier to start with the dating that they came up with 10:08 · for the spring tower. Now the spring tower is huge. The stones that are used 10:13 · in the Spring Tower are irregularshaped massive boulders that are put together 10:20 · and these walls are just huge. Um, they were dated by the excavators themselves 10:26 · to the Middle Bronze Age, too. So, we're going back 1800 BCE, time of Abraham, uh, to put a 10:35 · biblical personality or a little bit thereafter. Um, and it goes all the way around the spring, the Kikihon spring 10:40 · itself, which is in the valley. Not all the way in the valley, but very close. It's on the on the western side of the 10:46 · Kidron Valley. Um, and then it goes around it as a defense. Now, they came 10:52 · and carbonated this a few years ago, and they dated a part of it that is right on the exterior of it. Not in the guts of 10:58 · it, not underneath one of these massive boulders, not in the not in the construction of it, but kind of 11:04 · underneath. Is it underneath? Is it not really underneath? That's why there's some debate over this. Um the excavators 11:11 · put it to middle bronze age. The construction style matches the middle bronze age. I actually don't think that 11:16 · there are too many people that would redate the whole um large monumental uh 11:23 · fortification around the spring out of the middle bronze age completely. Perhaps there was and indeed there most 11:29 · likely was some type of um washing in or even a restoration project that was done 11:36 · in the 9th century maybe going down towards well in the 9th century. I'm not saying that but I wouldn't redate the 11:43 · whole thing out of the middle bronze age. I don't think uh the data calls for it. Nevertheless, from this location you 11:51 · have two channels that feed water down towards where this dam is. The earliest 11:57 · one of these is known as channel two. Uh this is what Nakshan Zanton there in 12:02 · that video referred to. That's what he was standing in coming out of. And this is the original water channel that feeds 12:09 · water down into this dam. And it's if you visit the city of David and you're 12:15 · going down towards what's known as Hezekiah's tunnel um today before you 12:21 · hit the water and you look to your left or your left um that's where the what's 12:27 · known as the can I've got signs there for the Canaanite tunnel they call it and this used to take the water the 12:33 · water used to go from the Guehon spring into a large pool that's still there 12:38 · travel down channel 2 and then fill up what we know now as this pool that was 12:44 · there during at the very latest 800 B.CE. Now when 100 years later King 12:52 · Hezekiah is preparing for the Assyrian siege, the Bible says that he builds a conduit uh a water tunnel a tala and it 13:00 · goes underneath brings the water from the spring uh to the western side of the 13:06 · city. This is a tunnel that's mentioned in three different uh passages in the Bible. Isaiah, Chronicles, and Kings 13:13 · talk about this waterworks that uh the prophet uh that Hezekiah did around 13:19 · probably just before 700. And so when he did that, since Hezekiah's tunnel or 13:24 · this tunnel that Hezekiah built is lower, then the upper tunnel channel 2 that used to feed this dam fell out of 13:32 · use. So water is no longer traveling through this channel 2. It's all 13:38 · traveling through what's come to known as be known as Hezekiah's tunnel. And I 13:43 · don't think although there are some that would be willing or want to push Hezekiah's tunnel out of the time period 13:49 · of Hezekiah, I don't believe the evidence points to that. Even the carbon sample that they took underneath the 13:54 · floor of Hezek or in Hezekiah's tunnel dates to later than the construction period of this dam. I think the fact 14:01 · that four samples all date to around 800 speaks to 800 being the construction 14:06 · period of this um of this dam wall. Let's just get to this part in a second. 14:12 · This is results and discussion. Sylom Pool Dam. We collected chunks of hard 14:18 · yellowish mortar in between the outer stones of the dam's vertical part wall 14:24 · 001. Two separately collected uncharred straw samples were dated from the mortar 14:29 · and a third sample consisted of a few charred twigs. Then from the slanting reinforcement core reinforcements core 14:38 · we dated one sample of charred straw fragments from the mortar. All four 14:43 · dates were very similar and could be averaged giving a calibrated combined date of basically 800. Um so very cool. 14:53 · This is absolutely great because it in terms of reconstructing the history of 14:59 · the area of the city of David, it means they had a massive water reservoir at least by the 8th century uh by the start 15:05 · very start of the 8th century. But it also means that something else is going on here. Um it means that um Hezekiah's 15:14 · tunnel, this other tunnel which makes the channel two fall out of use. channel 15:20 · 2 remembering remembering that this is the one that filled of course it was filled the the pool or the the dam. It 15:26 · was also filled probably from runoff. Hezekiah's tunnel actually exits at a point that is further along or further 15:33 · up the hill from the um from the pool itself and in up the hill inside the 15:40 · Tyropoeon Valley. And so just a couple of points about this now in terms of its um 15:47 · what might be let's say might because I don't it's very hard to prove all of this at this point but I think this 15:54 · discovery gives a new interpretation 15:59 · um or evidence for a different interpretation than what I had previously con conceived uh for the 16:05 · ancient water systems of Jerusalem. If I was going to put the ancient water systems of Jerusalem together, you have 16:11 · three different systems. You have the first one that's related to the middle bronze age uh that is defending or 16:17 · around maybe three or four around the the spring itself. And from that you have the included in that same time 16:24 · period most likely is you have the huge water uh or the large pool that is by 16:29 · the spring itself and that water is retrieved from there. Later on, I don't 16:35 · know exactly when, at least by 800, based on this evidence, they build a dam 16:41 · uh all the way down at the bottom of the city of David and for a reservoir. Perhaps the pool that's halfway there on 16:47 · the city of halfway down the city of David uh by the Guhon spring isn't large enough anymore. The city has expanded by 16:54 · this time period and so they need more water collection and so they're going to build a dam and have a new reservoir 17:01 · there now. And then after that time period, we have Hezekiah for some reason 17:08 · deciding that I need to build a new tunnel at a huge expense and manpower 17:14 · because they built this tunnel goes 1700 meters. It goes through solid rock. They 17:20 · they need to do it fast. So they come at it from both from both ends. And the exit point of this is not anywhere near 17:26 · channel 2. It doesn't make sense. You already have a water tunnel going called channel 2 going to this dam. So why 17:33 · build another one? Now why build another one? My question would be perhaps this dam itself, this 17:40 · dam that they're finding right now was not actually inside the city walls. You 17:46 · remember as Hezekiah is preparing for the siege or the Assyrian invasion, the 17:51 · Assyrian king Sinakaribb comes down and takes over all the different cities of Judah and he's bearing down in 17:57 · Jerusalem. And then King Hezekiah prepares to bring the waters blocks. It says the upper water course of the 18:03 · Guehon. 2 Chronicles chapter 32 and:e30. This is the English Standard Version. It 18:08 · says, "The same Hezekiah closed the upper outlet of the waters of the Guhon and directed them down the west down to 18:17 · the west side of the city of David. And Hezekiah prospered in all his works." So 18:22 · this upper water course of the Guihon that is channel two most likely and that 18:27 · flowed down to this dam and instead and which is basically south and a little 18:32 · bit to the west of where the Guhon spring is. And this is saying that no he brought it not through this town 18:39 · channel. He blocked that channel and the way he block it is just make a make another tunnel with lower elevation to 18:46 · force the water to go through there. gravity. We'll make sure it goes through that one and bring it to an outlet that 18:52 · is further up on the Tyropoeon Valley and more in the western side of the city. 18:57 · And so that's what it says here that he succeeded in doing this. And then of course at in Hezekiah's tunnel, you also 19:04 · have this beautiful inscription at the very end of it which talks about how these teams and it's written in in 19:09 · perfect late 8th century uh PaleoHebrew writing. They came from both sides and 19:14 · you know they got to the to the point of meeting and they you know went pick against pick and you could the water 19:20 · flowed and so on and you actually walk through Hezekiah Hezekiah's tunnel and you can see the place at which they met 19:26 · where the carving from one side looks this way and the coming from the next side looks that way and then there's a 19:31 · little dip the only place there's a dip in the whole of Hezekiah's tunnel for 1700 ft is right where they met matching 19:38 · perfectly the the inscription uh that's currently in the museum. museum uh in Istanbul. 19:44 · So if what this means is if if Hezekiah is preparing for the siege blocks off 19:50 · the one channel. Now why does he block off the one channel if you go to um 19:55 · further beginning on this in this chapter it says this in 2 Chronicles 32 20:00 · and:e3 says he uh he planned with his officers and these mighty men how to 20:05 · stop the water of the springs that were outside the city and they helped him. Now, does this mean all the springs 20:11 · outside of Jerusalem? I mean, the theme of this chapter is about the preparations for the siege of Jerusalem. 20:17 · And so, uh, I'm not sure. Maybe it just just relates to Jerusalem. Maybe it relates to more. However, by the end of 20:23 · it, it does talk about him blocking a spring so that water comes into the 20:28 · city, into the western side of the city. Uh verse uh the next verse, verse four 20:34 · says, "And a great many people were gathered and they stopped all the springs and the brook that flowed through the land." It seems again 20:40 · they're not blocking the Jordan. They're not blocking another stream. It seems this is talking about the stream that 20:46 · the brook or the stream that came uh from the Guhon perhaps 20:51 · uh they stopped all the springs and the brook that flowed through the land, saying, "Why should the kings of Assyria come and find much water?" much water. 20:59 · They're going to find much water. But we've got to stop them from finding much water. And then it says uh then Hezekiah he set 21:06 · work uh to work resolutely and built up all the wall that was broken down, raised the towers on it and so on. So 21:13 · he's preparing uh for the um siege. Another passage in Isaiah chapter 22 21:20 · talks about more of these preparations for the siege. Again, Isaiah is contemporary with Hezekiah. They're 21:26 · existing at the same time. We found the Hezekiah buller and the Isaiah seal impression right next to each other on 21:32 · the with Dr. Elot Mazar that was reported about a decade ago. Now these were two 21:38 · figures that were very much together. And in the book of Isaiah chapter 22 21:45 · and verse 9, it says this and this is from uh and from the English Standard Version 21:52 · again. It says, "And you saw that the breaches of the city of David were many 21:57 · and you collected or gathered together the waters of the lower pool." Now in 22:05 · the in the book of Isaiah you have the Guehon spring is mentioned a couple of times and the water that comes from it. 22:12 · Uh the earliest mention is in Isaiah chapter 8 and it says that the waters 22:18 · that the people rejected the uh waters of Shiloak that flow softly. And this is 22:25 · the start of the book and so this is probably before Hezekiah's channel is Hezekiah's tunnel is built. So you have 22:31 · that and then as you go on this is probably channel two and they're rejecting uh those slow waters and then 22:38 · you have the situation where they're building a new tunnel and you have two pools discussed a lower pool and an 22:44 · upper pool one that was higher in elevation and it says you have what did 22:49 · you do? You gathered together the waters of the lower pool. What is the lower pool? It seems to me that the lower pool 22:56 · is this one that they just found. this one that used to have water in it. But 23:01 · when Hezekiah built his tunnel, did this one continue to have water in it? That's the big question. My question would be, 23:09 · is there another early pool? Let's say it's a little bit later than the 8th 23:14 · century and it located further towards where Hezekiah's tunnel um ends and that 23:22 · that itself was inside the city. He brought it inside the city. Otherwise, 23:27 · why the need to build a new conduit if both conduits are taking water to the same old pool? It makes sense that there 23:34 · were actually two. Now, if you go into to a later period, perhaps it is that they've more morphed into one. I'm not 23:41 · saying that. However, it seems to me that there were two pools here located inside the the Tyropoeon Valley. One of 23:50 · them was bigger. One of them was um is the one that they found and they've 23:55 · dated to 800 and then perhaps a later one where Hezekiah built uh directed his 24:03 · water to um it's it's hard to know for sure but I think that's what the 24:08 · biblical reconstruction says. Now before the dating of this I didn't really think 24:13 · about it too much. I had this question a lot of people ask me so is this the lower pool? Is this the upper pool? Is this the old pool? And I was always very 24:20 · hesitant because I didn't really it was very hard for me to piece it all together. However, this one's lower and 24:28 · it's older than it seems to be the pool that Hezekiah would have built um to 24:33 · safeguard the waters of the Guhon and to stop the Assyrian kings from coming to get it. So what's then interesting in my 24:42 · mind and I'm going far further than what they say in this paper again great work to the archaeologists great work to the 24:49 · the staff of the Wisman Institute Joanna Regv Elizabeth uh Berto um with their 24:56 · work here really adding to the reconstruction and the history of Jerusalem through these dates that 25:02 · they've given but I'm I'm interested in you know what is the earliest possible date for this 25:09 · The latest possible date we have for its construction, they just gave it to us, 800. Now, if you look in in the biblical 25:16 · text, when is the uh earliest mention of a pool that would be connected to a 25:23 · king? Now, there's tradition about Solomon's pools that are far later. Um, 25:30 · and so they're not necessarily, I would say, bound by the text. However, if we 25:35 · go back to um the book of Ecclesiastes, now this this book uh is generally 25:41 · attributed to Solomon, although there's big conjecture about when everything was written down. However, it does say in 25:48 · Ecclesiastes that whoever is writing this in Eccles Ecclesiastes, and I think it matches be best with the character of 25:55 · Solomon, it actually talks about pools. It says this in Ecclesiastes 2:6. It 26:02 · says, "I built reservoirs to water my groves." This is an individual of 26:07 · flourishing trees. And so he's got flourishing trees around. I guess doesn't say Jerusalem, 26:13 · but it could be. And um it's a pool that's associated with it. Now 26:20 · connecting this another step, you have the book of the Song of Songs, Shir 26:25 · Shirim, and the great um Gabrielle Bakai. Um probably 26:32 · the best or let's say the the living archaeologist that knows the most about the history of Jerusalem. He's just come 26:40 · out with a paper which discusses the early writing the 10th century date for 26:46 · the the writing of the Song of Songs or we sometimes in in English Bible we call 26:51 · the Song of Solomon. It's generally attributed to Solomon and that's come under attack obviously for a long long 26:56 · long time that it wasn't written by Solomon. However, according to him, um, from the text itself and the historical 27:02 · references and so on, it matches best with the 10th century date. And inside that, it talks about this garden where 27:09 · King Solomon walked with all these fruitful trees and things like that. Um, and where was this king's garden? It was 27:15 · somewhere that was going to be well watered. And so, by putting these together, and I understand this is not hard science at this time, but it's 27:22 · definitely interesting to put the biblical passages together of what they found. It seems to me that there are reservoirs being built as early as the 27:30 · 10th century. And what they found here inside the mortar and inside the very top of this damn wall is a date that 27:37 · puts it start of the ninth c end of the 9th century and perhaps even earlier. Now what would be good is if they did a 27:43 · massive trench right through this damn wall. I know it's 10 meters thick and I know it's 11 m high. do a big trench all 27:50 · the way down and then let's try and get some dating material from the earlier from the foundation because often times 27:56 · in Jerusalem this place that's fraught with um earthquakes 28:01 · um you have reconstructions being done on the same location time and time again the Milo for instance it's mentioned 28:08 · Hezekiah strengthen the Milo uh it's mentioned that Solomon strengthens the Milo it's mentioned that David builds 28:14 · the Malo so they're all doing construction the same place and if you would have picked off a a stone off the 28:19 · top of the millow. If it is the stepstone structure in Jerusalem, maybe you'll get a date that dates to 28:24 · Hezekiah's time. I'm not sure, but get into the core. And do we find something 28:30 · from even earlier than the 9th century? I'm not sure. This is an archaeologist wish list right now. Um, but it could be 28:37 · dating all the way back to this time period. Now, again, they have done 28:43 · fantastic work on this. So pleased that we have another 28:49 · monumental construction project that is dating even earlier than first um 28:57 · thought. uh possible perhaps even it goes well with what the the carbon dating study that was released last year 29:04 · that took dates from the very northwestern part of the city of David off the top of the ridge into the 29:10 · Tyropoeon Valley again and they found a building building 100 there and they have carbon dates even though they they 29:18 · kind of pushed it it's in the study towards the in their summary towards the mid-9th century their dates matched to 29:25 · the late 10th century BCE And so I think you we have this wave of 29:32 · dates that are coming out um be it down in the south city of David be it in the 29:37 · Gavati that are pushing back these building construction projects early. 29:43 · Now, one final thought is this comes up often um and this is about when 29:50 · Jerusalem expanded off the eastern ridge off the city of David ridge and there is 29:57 · more and more evidence to provide an early date for this. Shortly after the 10th century or perhaps in the latter 30:04 · part of the 10th century, you have first construction taking place off the top of the ridge into the Tyropoeon Valley. 30:12 · Maybe the city wall didn't go around it yet. Maybe the there was no city wall even around this pool until Hezekiah 30:19 · well until maybe the city wall was a little bit further toward up the the Tyropoeon Valley. I'm not sure. But as 30:25 · more excavation gets done and as more precise measuring of dating gets is used 30:31 · and utilized, we are finding earlier dates. And that means that the whole I think western hill was probably settled 30:37 · a little bit earlier than anticipated. I also think it's very important what they're doing with these calibrated 30:43 · carbon dates. The reason why it's important is because often times 30:48 · archaeologically the only way that we can get dating is dating through the floors, the floors of the building 30:54 · itself. So you've got the wall and then you've got the stuff underneath the floor, the floor itself, and the stuff on top of the floor. And it gives you a 31:00 · dating construction window for the building itself. But the problem with this is and the problem with a place 31:05 · that's not destroyed often and in Jerusalem was no real destructions from the 10th to the 10th centuries till the 31:12 · mass massive earthquake a couple hundred years later. And so what would be the most accurate way to date the buildings 31:20 · when the floors themselves are used for hundreds of years? This is the problem with dating to the traditional way only 31:28 · I would say in Jerusalem or let's say problem of utilizing only the traditional way to date buildings in 31:34 · Jerusalem. Um the best way is to get into the construction materials. The best way is 31:40 · get into the walls themselves. Get into the walls and that's what they've done here. I think this is opening up a great 31:47 · window for more specific dating for structures in Jerusalem and hopefully we'll use more of that in the future. 31:54 · But thanks very much for staying with me through this. Just a I can't wait to tour this again. I was down there about 31:59 · a month ago to walk through this area. Um Nakshan was concluding a tour just as 32:06 · I got there. I was still at the area working on our excavations and so I 32:11 · missed the start of the tour. Um but it it is a huge 32:17 · um dam project and a great contribution to the study of ancient Jerusalem. So 32:23 · well done to the whole team and uh thanks very much for listening to the program. If you like what we're covering 32:28 · on this program, don't forget to like and subscribe to our channel. Uh and also if you want our magazine, don't 32:34 · forget to write to letters armstrongstitute.org or go to our website armstronginstitute.org 32:40 · and scroll down. you'll find a place to subscribe to our free magazine on Bible 32:46 · and archaeology. Thanks very much for listening.
I tried the Leo AI again to clean up the transcript, but each time, about halfway through, it started to paraphrase and improvise rather wildly.
How do you hide a dam for 2800 years in Jerusalem?..............
Build something on top of it, and something on of *that*. Same as every other site in the Middle East, Anatolia, Greece, Italy, the UK...
Well, dam!
There was a dam built by the Romans on Wadi haKippah, near Qumran, in the year 67 approximately. The dam contained Roman fossils, including catapult stones, and pottery sherds from period during the Jewish Revolt in 67, which resulted in the destruction of the Temple in 70. The Romans built the dam to contain run-off water when the attacked Masada for two years prior to the killing of the Jewish Zealots that defended it. There was a steady stream of Roman soldiers and slaves who marched along the Western shores of the Dead Sea to Masada, where they built the ramp and seige machines which pierced the 20 foot walls that were constructed at the top of Masada.
What? They had climate change before the Industrial Age?
Does Al Gore know about this?
Using ‘Al Gore’ and ‘does know’ in the same sentence? ... 😎
These are the most amazing recent discoveries by a dam site.
Thx.
https://search.brave.com/search?q=Wadi+haKippah&summary=1
Wadi hakippah
Wadi Hakipah is a site associated with the discovery of the Copper Scroll in 1952, which described the location of a hidden treasure from the Temple of Jerusalem.
The scroll mentioned that a second scroll contained the measurements needed to find 64 hiding places for the treasure, and it was believed this second scroll was buried near the site of Qumran, which is known in Arabic as Wadi Hakipah.
This has led to ongoing archaeological interest and speculation about the treasure’s location.
A documentary titled QUMRAN: A LA RECHERCHE DU TRÉSOR DE WADI HAKIPAH followed an international team of researchers in their search for the hidden chamber and the scroll.
AI-generated answer. Please verify critical facts.
Sometimes I wish I went into archeology. It would be difficult to be everywhere at once.
It’s tough to find field work, or at least affordable field work. Ya never get rich by diggin’ a ditch...
I was on four excavations there. Our first Archaeologist was Pesach Bar Adon, and our chief fundraiser was a former Baptist Minister Vendyl Jones. I was the Project Geologist and my reports are on file at the Department of Antiquities. We used various new methods at the time, including SEM Analysis, and were one of the first excavations to use GPR, which are common nowadays. The gentlemen who operated it for us was a former NASA Engineer, and it was developed as part of the Apollo Program. Pesach died and our next Archaeologist was Daniel Patrick, also of the Department of Antiquities. There were other excavations that I did not participate in. I know they were excavating Shiloh as well, and other interesting sites. The documentary you mentioned must have been done years after my excavations in the 1980’s as I hever heard of it.
Have they used ground penetrating radar on any of these sites?
I haven’t kept up, but probably. I know they did at Gilgal and you can see the old city walls. It is worth it for me to catch up a bit.
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