| Transcript |
| 0:00 | · | most of us are familiar with the |
| 0:01 | · | eruption of Mount Vesuvius in ad79 which |
| 0:04 | · | buried the Roman cities of Pompei |
| 0:06 | · | herculanum and others under a thick |
| 0:08 | · | layer of Ash and pmus but did you know |
| 0:11 | · | that this was not the first time that |
| 0:12 | · | Vesuvius unleashed its fury on the |
| 0:14 | · | surrounding |
| 0:15 | · | settlements long before Pompei a |
| 0:18 | · | volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius |
| 0:20 | · | buried arriola a Bronze Age Village in |
| 0:22 | · | Italy in the same way it did to Pompei |
| 0:25 | · | afragola was a thriving village located |
| 0:27 | · | on the campanion plane about 10 mi from |
| 0:29 | · | the volcano it was part of a complex |
| 0:32 | · | network of settlements that flourished |
| 0:34 | · | during the early Bronze Age around 4,000 |
| 0:36 | · | years ago the villagers lived in |
| 0:38 | · | horseshoe shaped buildings made of wood |
| 0:40 | · | and clay and practiced agriculture |
| 0:42 | · | animal husbandry and pottery making they |
| 0:45 | · | also traded with other communities along |
| 0:47 | · | the coast and Inland but the peaceful |
| 0:49 | · | life came to an abrupt end when Vesuvius |
| 0:51 | · | erupted around 1995 BC in what is known |
| 0:54 | · | as the avalino eruption this eruption |
| 0:57 | · | was one of the largest and most |
| 0:58 | · | catastrophic events of the vvus with an |
| 1:00 | · | estimated volcanic explosivity index or |
| 1:03 | · | VII of six this is equal to or |
| 1:06 | · | potentially more devastating than the |
| 1:08 | · | well-known eruption of 79 ad which also |
| 1:10 | · | had a VII of around six the volcanic |
| 1:13 | · | explosivity index is a scale that |
| 1:15 | · | describes the size of explosive volcanic |
| 1:17 | · | eruptions based on magnitude and |
| 1:19 | · | intensity and ranges from 0 to 8 is a |
| 1:21 | · | logarithmic |
| 1:22 | · | scale the avalino eruption lasted for at |
| 1:25 | · | least 3 hours and produced two massive |
| 1:27 | · | plumes of Ash and gas that reached up to |
| 1:29 | · | 31 km or 102,000 ft High the eruption |
| 1:33 | · | also ejected huge amounts of pomus a |
| 1:36 | · | light and porous volcanic rock that |
| 1:37 | · | covered the region in a thick layer the |
| 1:40 | · | pomus deposits known as the avalino |
| 1:42 | · | pomus or pomi avalino in Italian are |
| 1:45 | · | still visible today in some areas |
| 1:47 | · | especially in the town of avalino which |
| 1:48 | · | gave them their name the first phase of |
| 1:51 | · | the eruption sent Dey mainly to the |
| 1:52 | · | Northeast giving the Villages of |
| 1:54 | · | afragola some time to escape there are |
| 1:57 | · | no human remains found at the site but |
| 1:59 | · | there are footprint of adults and |
| 2:00 | · | children fleeing the area the second |
| 2:03 | · | phase of the eruption brought Ash and |
| 2:04 | · | water which covered the village in a |
| 2:06 | · | thick layer of mud and Volcanic material |
| 2:09 | · | this preserved the site in remarkable |
| 2:11 | · | detail as the Ashen mud replaced the |
| 2:13 | · | molecules of plant and animal remains |
| 2:15 | · | creating perfect casts that lasted for |
| 2:17 | · | Millennia the site of afragola was |
| 2:20 | · | discovered in 2004 during the |
| 2:21 | · | construction of a high-speed train near |
| 2:24 | · | Naples since then archaeologists have |
| 2:26 | · | excavated an area of 5,000 square m or |
| 2:29 | · | 4,000 square ft making it one of the |
| 2:32 | · | most extensively investigated sites of |
| 2:34 | · | the early Bronze Age in Italy recently |
| 2:37 | · | they have uncovered the remains of |
| 2:38 | · | buildings ovens Pottery tools and |
| 2:41 | · | ornaments as well as a large Warehouse |
| 2:42 | · | where the villagers stored their crops |
| 2:44 | · | and fruits the horseshoe-shaped |
| 2:46 | · | buildings were typical of the early |
| 2:48 | · | Bronze Age architecture in southern |
| 2:50 | · | Italy they had a circular or oval plan |
| 2:52 | · | with a central half and a single |
| 2:54 | · | entrance the walls were made of wooden |
| 2:57 | · | poles and wle and orb and the roofs were |
| 2:59 | · | thatched |
| 3:00 | · | the buildings were arranged in clusters |
| 3:02 | · | separated by open spaces and paths some |
| 3:05 | · | of the buildings were used for domestic |
| 3:07 | · | purposes While others were workshops or |
| 3:09 | · | storage facilities the ovens were used |
| 3:12 | · | for baking bread and other Foods as well |
| 3:13 | · | as for firing Pottery they were made of |
| 3:16 | · | clay and stone and had a dome-shaped |
| 3:18 | · | structure with a hole on the top and a |
| 3:19 | · | vent on the side the pottery found at |
| 3:22 | · | the site was mostly coarse and plain but |
| 3:24 | · | some pieces had decorations of geometric |
| 3:26 | · | patterns or animal motifs the pottery |
| 3:29 | · | was used for cooking serving and storing |
| 3:31 | · | food and liquids as well as for ritual |
| 3:34 | · | purposes the plant remains also shed |
| 3:36 | · | light on the environment and also the |
| 3:38 | · | climate of the campanion plane where |
| 3:39 | · | afragola was situated in the Bronze Age |
| 3:42 | · | the plane was a fertile and diverse |
| 3:44 | · | landscape with forests fields and |
| 3:47 | · | wetlands the climate was warmer and |
| 3:49 | · | wetter than today allowing the growth of |
| 3:51 | · | plants that are now extinct or rare in |
| 3:53 | · | the region the eruption of Vesuvius |
| 3:55 | · | however changed the climate for many |
| 3:57 | · | years afterward Cooling and drying the |
| 3:59 | · | the atmosphere and altering the |
| 4:00 | · | vegetation and Wildlife the study of the |
| 4:03 | · | plant remains also reveals the season of |
| 4:05 | · | the eruption by analyzing the ripeness |
| 4:08 | · | of the fruits researchers have concluded |
| 4:10 | · | that afragola was buried and abandoned |
| 4:12 | · | on a fateful fall day which was around |
| 4:14 | · | late September or early October but |
| 4:17 | · | afragola was not the only victim of vvus |
| 4:20 | · | the volcano has erupted more than 50 |
| 4:22 | · | times since the Bronze Age with varying |
| 4:24 | · | degrees of intensity and impact some of |
| 4:26 | · | the most notable eruptions include the |
| 4:28 | · | eruption of 200 3 ad which was witnessed |
| 4:31 | · | by the Roman historian casassus Dio he |
| 4:34 | · | described the eruption as a great fire |
| 4:36 | · | that filled the sky and a rain of Ashes |
| 4:38 | · | that covered the land he also reported |
| 4:41 | · | that many people died from the |
| 4:42 | · | suffocating fumes in the Falling Rocks |
| 4:45 | · | the eruption of 472 ad was also one of |
| 4:48 | · | the largest and most explosive eruptions |
| 4:50 | · | of |
| 4:51 | · | Vesuvius it ejected about 4 cubic kilm |
| 4:54 | · | or 1 cubic mile of Ash and pmus in about |
| 4:56 | · | 19 hours forming a plume that reached up |
| 4:58 | · | to 40 km or 25 M High the ash fall was |
| 5:02 | · | so widespread that it was reported as |
| 5:04 | · | far away as Constantinople which was |
| 5:06 | · | situated around |
| 5:07 | · | 1,220 km or 760 Mi away the eruption |
| 5:12 | · | also caused earthquakes landslides and |
| 5:14 | · | tsunamis and plunged the region Into |
| 5:16 | · | Darkness for several days another famous |
| 5:19 | · | eruption happened in 1631 ad which was |
| 5:22 | · | the first major eruption after a long |
| 5:24 | · | period of dorcy it killed about 4,000 |
| 5:27 | · | people and destroyed several towns and |
| 5:29 | · | Villages around the volcano the eruption |
| 5:32 | · | was accompanied by violent thunderstorms |
| 5:34 | · | lightning and hail and produced lava |
| 5:36 | · | flows pirate clastic flows and mud flows |
| 5:39 | · | the eruption also affected the climate |
| 5:41 | · | of Europe causing cold and wet weather |
| 5:43 | · | for several years the eruption of 1944 |
| 5:47 | · | ad was the last eruption of vvus to date |
| 5:50 | · | it occurred during World War II and |
| 5:52 | · | damaged or destroyed several military |
| 5:54 | · | and civilian buildings including a US |
| 5:56 | · | Army Air Force Base the te and hot ash |
| 5:59 | · | from multiple days of the eruption |
| 6:01 | · | damaged the fabric control surfaces the |
| 6:03 | · | engines the plexiglass wind screens and |
| 6:06 | · | the gun turrets of the 340th sb25 |
| 6:09 | · | Mitchell medium bombers estimates ranged |
| 6:12 | · | from 78 to 88 aircraft destroyed while |
| 6:15 | · | Vesuvius claimed no military fatalities |
| 6:17 | · | during the 1944 eruption 26 Italian |
| 6:20 | · | civilians were killed and nearly 12,000 |
| 6:23 | · | were displaced most died near Salerno |
| 6:26 | · | where heavy Ash Fall collapsed roofs |
| 6:28 | · | since then no activity has been observed |
| 6:30 | · | from Vesuvius except for several flank |
| 6:32 | · | collapses inside the Caldera that have |
| 6:34 | · | raised false alarms of an impending |
| 6:36 | · | eruption Vesuvius is still an active and |
| 6:39 | · | dangerous volcano with a population of |
| 6:41 | · | about 3 million people living in its |
| 6:43 | · | vicinity it is monitored by The vus |
| 6:45 | · | Observatory which was established in |
| 6:47 | · | 1841 as the first volcanological |
| 6:50 | · | observatory in the world the observatory |
| 6:52 | · | uses various instruments and methods to |
| 6:54 | · | detect signs of volcanic activity such |
| 6:56 | · | as seismicity deformation gas emiss ions |
| 6:59 | · | and temperature changes the observatory |
| 7:02 | · | also provides information and education |
| 7:04 | · | to the public and the authorities and |
| 7:06 | · | prepares contingency plans and |
| 7:07 | · | evacuation routes in case of an |
| 7:10 | · | emergency Vesuvius is a fascinating and |
| 7:12 | · | formidable natural phenomenon that has |
| 7:14 | · | shaped the history and culture of the |
| 7:16 | · | region for thousands of years the |
| 7:18 | · | village of afragola also offers a unique |
| 7:20 | · | window into the past offering us a |
| 7:22 | · | glimpse of the life and culture of the |
| 7:24 | · | people who lived there and the natural |
| 7:25 | · | habitat that surrounded them as we learn |
| 7:28 | · | more about the history and AR Theology |
| 7:29 | · | of afragola we can better appreciate the |
| 7:32 | · | legacy of this ancient Village that was |
| 7:33 | · | buried long before Pompei but preserved |
| 7:35 | · | for posterity by the same volcano that |
| 7:37 | · | destroyed it so what do you think about |
| 7:40 | · | the story of afragola and |
| 7:42 | · | Vesuvius do you think Vesuvius will |
| 7:44 | · | erupt again in the future if so will it |
| 7:47 | · | be as destructive as the previous |
| 7:48 | · | eruptions or even worse how would you |
| 7:51 | · | prepare for such a scenario let us know |
| 7:54 | · | your thoughts and opinions in the |
| 7:55 | · | comments below and don't forget to like |
| 7:58 | · | share and subscribe for more videos like |
| 8:00 | · | this thank you for watching and see you |
| 8:02 | · | next time |
