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LionGlass: New Type of Glass That’s Greener and 10x More Damage Resistant
Scitech Daily ^ | AUGUST 14, 2023 | By PENN STATE

Posted on 08/15/2023 11:38:02 AM PDT by Red Badger

A sample of LionGlass, a new type of glass engineered by researchers at Penn State that requires significantly less energy to produce and is much more damage resistant than standard soda lime silicate glass. Credit: Adrienne Berard/Penn State

Globally, glass manufacturing emits at least 86 million tons of carbon dioxide annually. However, a new type of glass called LionGlass, developed by Penn State researchers, offers the potential to reduce this carbon output by 50%. Not only does this innovative glass demand considerably less energy for production, but it also boasts greater resistance to damage compared to conventional soda lime silicate glass. The scientists behind this breakthrough have recently submitted a patent application, marking the initial move towards introducing LionGlass to the market.

“Our goal is to make glass manufacturing sustainable for the long term,” said John Mauro, Dorothy Pate Enright Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Penn State and lead researcher on the project. “LionGlass eliminates the use of carbon-containing batch materials and significantly lowers the melting temperature of glass.”

Soda lime silicate glass, the common glass used in everyday items from windows to glass tableware, is made by melting three primary materials: quartz sand, soda ash, and limestone. Soda ash is sodium carbonate and limestone is calcium carbonate, both of which release carbon dioxide (CO2), a heat-trapping greenhouse gas, as they are melted.

“During the glass melting process, the carbonates decompose into oxides and produce carbon dioxide, which gets released into the atmosphere,” Mauro said.

But the bulk of the CO2 emissions come from the energy required to heat furnaces to the high temperatures needed for melting glass. With LionGlass, the melting temperatures are lowered by about 300 to 400 degrees Celsius, Mauro explained, which leads to a roughly 30% reduction in energy consumption compared to conventional soda lime glass.

Not only is LionGlass easier on the environment, but it’s also much stronger than conventional glass. The researchers said they were surprised to find that the new glass, named after Penn State’s Nittany Lion mascot, possesses significantly higher crack resistance compared to conventional glass.

Some of the team’s glass compositions had such a strong crack resistance that the glass would not crack, even under a one kilogram-force load from a Vickers diamond indenter. LionGlass is at least 10 times as crack-resistant compared to standard soda lime glass, which forms cracks under a load of about 0.1 kilograms force. The researchers explained that the limits of LionGlass have not yet been found, because they reached the maximum load allowed by the indentation equipment.

“We kept increasing the weight on LionGlass until we reached the maximum load the equipment will allow,” said Nick Clark, a postdoctoral fellow in Mauro’s lab. “It simply wouldn’t crack.” Mauro explained that crack resistance is one of the most important qualities to test for in glass because it is how the material eventually fails. Over time, glass develops microcracks along the surface, which become weak points. When a piece of glass breaks, it’s due to weaknesses caused by existing microcracks. Glass that is resistant to forming microcracks in the first place is especially valuable, he added.

“Damage resistance is a particularly important property for glass,” Mauro said. “Think about all the ways we rely on the strength of glass, in the automotive industry and electronics industry, architecture, and communication technology like fiber optic cables. Even in health care, vaccines are stored in strong, chemically resistant glass packaging.”

Mauro is hoping that the improved strength of LionGlass means the products created from it can be lighter weight. Since LionGlass is 10 times more damage resistant than current glass, it could be significantly thinner.

“We should be able to reduce the thickness and still get the same level of damage resistance,” Mauro said. “If we have a lighter-weight product, that is even better for the environment, because we use less raw materials and need less energy to produce it. Even downstream, for transportation, that reduces the energy required to transport the glass, so it’s a winning situation for everyone.”

Mauro notes that the research team is still evaluating the potential of LionGlass. They have filed a patent application for the entire family of glass, which means there are many compositions within the LionGlass family, each with its own distinct properties and potential applications. They are now in the process of exposing various compositions of LionGlass to an array of chemical environments to study how it reacts. The results will help the team develop a better understanding of how LionGlass can be used throughout the world.

“Humans learned how to manufacture glass more than 5,000 years ago and since then it has been critical to bringing modern civilization to where it is today,” Mauro said. “Now, we are at a point in time when we need it to help shape the future, as we face global challenges such as environmental issues, renewable energy, energy efficiency, health care, and urban development. Glass can play a vital role in solving these issues, and we are ready to contribute.”


TOPICS: Business/Economy; Health/Medicine; Military/Veterans; Science
KEYWORDS: pennstate
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To: All
BTW - here is a youtube video on the PSU nuclear reactor (still in service). Shows underwater views, startup, etc. Amazing stuff.
21 posted on 08/15/2023 12:04:30 PM PDT by FLNittany (Autotune is jealous of Karen Carpenter)
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To: rlmorel

“I like glass that is 10x more durable. That is completely awesome. I would even be willing to pay a bit more for it.
But I could give two craps if it decreases CO2 emissons. Complete and utter BS.”

I’m on exactly the same page. They act though reducing CO2 admissions is supposed to motivate me to buy. If that’s their only “selling point”, I’ll go out of my way to find an alternative.


22 posted on 08/15/2023 12:14:23 PM PDT by Magic Fingers (Political correctness mutates in order to remain virulent.)
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To: FLNittany

Now the Materials Science Department has gone all in on climate change religion.


23 posted on 08/15/2023 12:14:49 PM PDT by steve86 (Numquam accusatus, numquam ad curiam ibit, numquam ad carcerem™)
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To: Billthedrill

Well, they might try to massage the truth and just use “mountain lions” or something.


24 posted on 08/15/2023 12:15:14 PM PDT by Boogieman
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To: Magic Fingers

Can you imagine the cost of this new glass with all the patents? Only the government can afford it..............


25 posted on 08/15/2023 12:16:22 PM PDT by PeterPrinciple (Thinking Caps are no longer being issued but there must be a warehouse full of them somewhere.)
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To: Boogieman

“Ok, but is it made from real lion?”

It’s plant-based lion, but all the green progs say it’s just as good.


26 posted on 08/15/2023 12:16:42 PM PDT by Magic Fingers (Political correctness mutates in order to remain virulent.)
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To: PeterPrinciple

“Can you imagine the cost of this new glass with all the patents? Only the government can afford it..............”

No doubt - except that before long they’ll try to force us to buy it.


27 posted on 08/15/2023 12:21:08 PM PDT by Magic Fingers (Political correctness mutates in order to remain virulent.)
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To: Red Badger

Auto glass needs to be breakable.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ReHpoYptFI


28 posted on 08/15/2023 12:21:56 PM PDT by Dogbert41 (“Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God” -Matthew 5:9)
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To: rlmorel

The scientists probably don’t care about the “green” aspect either, but it may be a way to get the Federal Government to pay the development costs for the factory.


29 posted on 08/15/2023 12:25:30 PM PDT by I-ambush (We watched the moment of defeat, played back over on the video screen. )
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To: Boogieman

No, they’re lion.................


30 posted on 08/15/2023 12:40:14 PM PDT by Red Badger (Homeless veterans camp in the streets while illegal aliens are put up in hotels.....................)
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To: I-ambush

I admit I didn’t consider that...:)

I feel like that should make me angry too. Heck. Everything online seems to make me angry in some way nowadays!

I blame it on my old age...GET OFF MY LAWN!


31 posted on 08/15/2023 12:50:42 PM PDT by rlmorel ("If you think tough men are dangerous, just wait until you see what weak men are capable of." JBP)
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To: Magic Fingers

Exactly! That was my first thought too...

I feel like I want to get some old tires, pour gasoline on them and light them on fire just to see some Leftist douchebag have a meltdown...

I blame THEM for my bad attitude!


32 posted on 08/15/2023 12:52:19 PM PDT by rlmorel ("If you think tough men are dangerous, just wait until you see what weak men are capable of." JBP)
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To: Red Badger

Do not give a damn about the ‘environmental’ crap, but if it’s cheaper to produce, and stronger, I’m all for it. Let’s see if it makes it out into the real world.


33 posted on 08/15/2023 12:54:13 PM PDT by zeugma (Stop deluding yourself that America is still a free country.)
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To: OHPatriot
Notice that there was NO MENTION of the cost of this glass. They made a big deal of strength 10x, and lower melting point less energy needed but COST never mentioned.

Yup. The cost of the materials it contains is important. From the description, it lowers the amount of energy it takes to produce compared to standard glass. I'm not sure how large of a component of the price of glass the energy it takes to produce it is. If it is cheaper and stronger than 'standard' industrial glass, it's a win. If not, it may have specialized applications. Would also be interested in knowing if the resultant product is, itself, recyclable. If not, then you have to take materials into account again. Would love to have affordable shatterproof containers because glass is really easy to sterilize and clean.

34 posted on 08/15/2023 12:59:43 PM PDT by zeugma (Stop deluding yourself that America is still a free country.)
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To: Red Badger

Have they no pride?


35 posted on 08/15/2023 1:00:34 PM PDT by Boogieman
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To: Boogieman
Ok, but is it made from real lion?

... and is that better than glass made of gorillas?

36 posted on 08/15/2023 1:01:44 PM PDT by zeugma (Stop deluding yourself that America is still a free country.)
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To: zeugma

Since recycled glass is added to make new glass, what happens when old glass or new glass contaminate the recycle stream?

Can old and new be mixed? Keeping the recycle streams separate could nullify savings and potential recycleability.


37 posted on 08/15/2023 1:09:01 PM PDT by OHPatriot (Si vis pacem, para bellum)
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To: zeugma

Well, I don’t see anyone calling gorillas king of the jungle. Even though they actually live in the jungle, while the lions are on the savannah.


38 posted on 08/15/2023 1:11:19 PM PDT by Boogieman
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To: Boogieman

🤦‍♂️👍...........................


39 posted on 08/15/2023 1:12:02 PM PDT by Red Badger (Homeless veterans camp in the streets while illegal aliens are put up in hotels.....................)
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To: OHPatriot
Can old and new be mixed? Keeping the recycle streams separate could nullify savings and potential recycleability.

Excellent question!

Would suck if Lionglass contaminates 'standard' glass and makes it worthless. Glass recyling is one of the few things that make decent economic sense. (Aluminum is, by far the leader in that. It costs much less to recycle aluminum than it does to smelt the ore.

40 posted on 08/15/2023 3:07:18 PM PDT by zeugma (Stop deluding yourself that America is still a free country.)
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