Robust SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity is maintained at 6 months following primary infection

T cell responses were present by ELISPOT and/or intracellular cytokine staining analysis in all donors and characterized by predominant CD4+ T cell responses with strong interleukin (IL)-2 cytokine expression. Median T cell responses were 50% higher in donors who had experienced a symptomatic infection, indicating that the severity of primary infection establishes a ‘set point’ for cellular immunity.

T cell responses to spike and nucleoprotein/membrane proteins were correlated with peak antibody levels. Furthermore, higher levels of nucleoprotein-specific T cells were associated with preservation of nucleoprotein-specific antibody level although no such correlation was observed in relation to spike-specific responses.

In conclusion, our data are reassuring that functional SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses are retained at 6 months following infection.

They also found SARS patients had immunity 17 years later.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z_reference.pdf

Memory T cells induced by previous pathogens can shape the susceptibility to, and clinical severity of, subsequent infections1. Little is known about the presence of pre-existing memory T cells in humans with the potential to recognize SARS-CoV-2. Here, we first studied T cell responses to structural (nucleocapsid protein, NP) and non-structural (NSP-7 and NSP13 of ORF1) regions of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 convalescents (n=36). In all of them we demonstrated the presence of CD4 and CD8
T cells recognizing multiple regions of the NP protein. We then showed that SARS-recovered patients (n=23) still possess long-lasting memory T cells reactive to SARS-NP 17 years after the 2003 outbreak, which displayed robust cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 NP. Surprisingly, we also frequently detected SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells in individuals with no history of SARS, COVID-19 or contact with SARS/COVID-19 patients (n=37). SARS-CoV-2 T cells in uninfected donors exhibited a different pattern of immunodominance, frequently targeting the ORF-1-coded proteins NSP7 and 13 as well as the NP structural protein. Epitope characterization of NSP7-specific T cells showed recognition of protein fragments with low homology to “common cold” human coronaviruses but conserved amongst animal betacoranaviruses. Thus, infection with betacoronaviruses induces multispecific and long-lasting T cell immunity to the structural protein NP. Understanding how pre-existing NP- and ORF- 1-specific T cells present in the general population impact susceptibility and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is of paramount importance for the management of the current COVID-19 pandemic

Natural immunity by actual exposure is almost always superior to a vaccine that has a lower probability of immunity developing and doesn’t last as long.

In many cases, natural immunity is lifelong whereas the vaccine lasts months to a few years.

But... Pfizer is making money, and the gubbermint is their unofficial sales rep at this point. Hahaha

BTW, get ready to replace all those refrigerants that were just replaced a few years back. Gubbermint is mandating these be replaced AGAIN. For public safety or the environment of course! Hahaha

Lemmings.

Yet we have survivors getting sick, yet again.

Survivors get sick.

Vaxxed get sick.

Unvaxxed get sick.

The most common comorbidities are obesity, Type II diabetes, cancer and being over 80.

The the media are going out of their way to insist the vaxxed don’t get AS sick AS often. And the data tends to support that.

But they still get sick and die.

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Abstract